用bash腳本讀文件的方法有很多。請看第一部分,我使用了while循環及其后的管道命令(|)(cat $FILE | while read line; do …?),并在循環當中遞增 i 的值,最后,我得到了非我所想的 i 。主要的原因是,管道命令會發起子shell來讀取文件,而任何在(子shell的)while循環中的操作(例如 i ++),都會隨著子shell的結束而丟失。
而第二種,也是最壞的一種,其最明顯的錯誤就是在讀文件的過程中使用了for循環(for fileline in $(cat $FILE);do ..),這樣每打印一個單詞就換一次行,因為for循環使用空格作為默認的IFS。
完美的方法,即第三種的while循環(while read line;do …. done < $FILE)?是最合適且最簡單的一行行地讀文件的方法。請看以下例子。
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 | Input: $ cat sample.txt This is sample file This is normal text file Source: $ cat readfile.sh #!/bin/bash i=1; FILE=sample.txt # Wrong way to read the file. # This may cause problem, check the value of 'i' at the end of the loop echo "###############################" cat $FILE | while read line; do ???????? echo "Line # $i: $line" ???????? ((i++)) done echo "Total number of lines in file: $i" # The worst way to read file. echo "###############################" for fileline in $( cat $FILE); do ???????? echo $fileline done # This is correct way to read file. echo "################################" k=1 while read line; do ???????? echo "Line # $k: $line" ???????? ((k++)) done < $FILE echo "Total number of lines in file: $k" Output: $ . /readfile .sh ############################### Line # 1: This is sample file Line # 2: This is normal text file Total number of lines in file : 1 ############################### This is sample file This is normal text file ################################ Line # 1: This is sample file Line # 2: This is normal text file Total number of lines in file : 3 |