前言

改進過程一

增加提示信息

原版幫助摘要

pygame.draw

pygame.font

class Rect

class Surface

改進過程二

增加顯示得分

改進過程三

增加背景景樂

增加提示音效

音樂切換

靜音切換

mixer.music.play 注意事項

原版幫助摘要

pygame.mixer

pygame.mixer.Sound

小結

pygame編程框架

前言

在上一篇博文里，從訊飛星火中獲取到游戲“貪吃蛇”的代碼，運行效果如上圖。代碼并不完整，當蛇死了就退出游戲，不能多次玩這個游戲。

前文鏈接：

訊飛星火、文心一言和通義千問同時編“貪吃蛇”游戲，誰會勝出？

代碼如下：

import pygame
import sys
import random# 定義顏色
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED  = (255, 0, 0)
GREY = (211, 211, 211)  # 淡灰色def init():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamepygame.init()# 設置屏幕大小screen_size = (640, 480)screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 設置游戲標題pygame.display.set_caption("貪吃蛇")# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos = [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos = [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed = [20, 0]def repaint():# 繪制游戲界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定義線段的端點坐標x,y = (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19+i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函數繪制線段points = list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 線寬為1points = list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1)   # 重畫蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 主循環while True:# 處理游戲事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:snake_speed = [0, -20]elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed = [0, 20]elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed = [-20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed = [20, 0]# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] + snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] + snake_speed[1]])# 檢查蛇頭是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:food_pos = [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 檢查蛇頭是否碰到墻壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] < 0 or snake_pos[0][0] >= screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] < 0 or snake_pos[0][1] >= screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:game_quit()'''此處可增加與用戶的交互，如：if askyesno('title','again?'):init() # Yes to Play againelse:game_quit() # No to Exit'''# 重畫界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戲速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ == "__main__":init()main()

改進過程一

增加提示信息

之前沒有仔細學過pygame的編程，剛好拿這例程練練手，在不斷改進中學習pygame編程。

原代碼一執行，蛇就開始游動了，就從這里入手。開始前，增加顯示“按任意鍵開始...”的提示。

蛇死后，提醒是否重來？Yes to play again, No to quit game.

同時，在游戲中允許按ESC鍵暫停游戲，再按一次繼續。

由于沒查到 pygame 有彈出信息窗口的方法(函數)，于是用了DOS時代顯示信息窗口的辦法，畫多個矩形窗口來模擬窗口，最后在矩形框上寫上提示文字。代碼如下：

def show_msg(msg, color = BLUE):
? ? x = screen.get_rect().centerx
? ? y = screen.get_rect().centery - 50
? ? font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)
? ? text = font.render(msg, True, color)
? ? text_rect = text.get_rect()
? ? text_rect.centerx = x
? ? text_rect.centery = y
? ? rectangle1 = pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)
? ? rectangle2 = pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)
? ? pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)
? ? pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)
? ? pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 邊框寬為2
? ? screen.blit(text, text_rect)
? ? pygame.display.flip()

原版幫助摘要

pygame.draw

NAME
? ? pygame.draw - pygame module for drawing shapes

FUNCTIONS
? ? aaline(...)
? ? ? ? aaline(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos) -> Rect
? ? ? ? aaline(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos, blend=1) -> Rect
? ? ? ? draw a straight antialiased line
? ??
? ? aalines(...)
? ? ? ? aalines(surface, color, closed, points) -> Rect
? ? ? ? aalines(surface, color, closed, points, blend=1) -> Rect
? ? ? ? draw multiple contiguous straight antialiased line segments
? ??
? ? arc(...)
? ? ? ? arc(surface, color, rect, start_angle, stop_angle) -> Rect
? ? ? ? arc(surface, color, rect, start_angle, stop_angle, width=1) -> Rect
? ? ? ? draw an elliptical arc
? ??
? ? circle(...)
? ? ? ? circle(surface, color, center, radius) -> Rect
? ? ? ? circle(surface, color, center, radius, width=0, draw_top_right=None, draw_top_left=None, draw_bottom_left=None, draw_bottom_right=None) -> Rect
? ? ? ? draw a circle
? ??
? ? ellipse(...)
? ? ? ? ellipse(surface, color, rect) -> Rect
? ? ? ? ellipse(surface, color, rect, width=0) -> Rect
? ? ? ? draw an ellipse
? ??
? ? line(...)
? ? ? ? line(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos) -> Rect
? ? ? ? line(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos, width=1) -> Rect
? ? ? ? draw a straight line
? ??
? ? lines(...)
? ? ? ? lines(surface, color, closed, points) -> Rect
? ? ? ? lines(surface, color, closed, points, width=1) -> Rect
? ? ? ? draw multiple contiguous straight line segments
? ??
? ? polygon(...)
? ? ? ? polygon(surface, color, points) -> Rect
? ? ? ? polygon(surface, color, points, width=0) -> Rect
? ? ? ? draw a polygon
? ??
? ? rect(...)
? ? ? ? rect(surface, color, rect) -> Rect
? ? ? ? rect(surface, color, rect, width=0, border_radius=0, border_top_left_radius=-1, border_top_right_radius=-1, border_bottom_left_radius=-1, border_bottom_right_radius=-1) -> Rect
? ? ? ? draw a rectangle

pygame.font

NAME
? ? pygame.font - pygame module for loading and rendering fonts

class Rect

Help on class Rect in module pygame.rect:

class Surface

另外增加了3個狀態變量，初始狀態為：

? ? is_running = False
? ? is_paused = False
? ? is_dead = False

增加了4個按鍵判別：

is_dead時，判斷重新開始還是退出游戲

pygame.K_y: 字母Y/y
pygame.K_n: 字母N/n

暫停和恢復

pygame.K_ESCAPE: Esc鍵
pygame.K_SPACE: 空格鍵

完整代碼如下：

import pygame
import sys
import random# 定義顏色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE  = (0, 0, 255)
GREY  = (220, 220, 220)  # 淡灰色
DARK  = (120, 120, 120)  # 深灰色def init():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamepygame.init()# 設置屏幕大小screen_size = (640, 480)screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 設置游戲標題pygame.display.set_caption("貪吃蛇")# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos = [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos = [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed = [20, 0]def show_msg(msg, color = BLUE):x = screen.get_rect().centerxy = screen.get_rect().centery - 50font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)text = font.render(msg, True, color)text_rect = text.get_rect()text_rect.centerx = xtext_rect.centery = yrectangle1 = pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)rectangle2 = pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 邊框寬為2screen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def repaint():# 繪制游戲界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定義線段的端點坐標x,y = (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19+i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函數繪制線段points = list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 線寬為1points = list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1)   # 重畫蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speedis_running = Falseis_paused = Falseis_dead = Falserepaint()show_msg("Press any key to start ...")# 主循環while True:# 處理游戲事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:snake_speed = [0, -20]elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed = [0, 20]elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed = [-20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed = [20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_y:if is_dead:init()is_dead = Falseis_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_n:if is_dead: game_quit()else: is_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:if is_running:show_msg(">>> Paused <<<")is_paused = not is_pausedelse: # 任意鍵進入開始狀態is_running = Trueif not is_running: continueif is_paused and is_running: continue# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] + snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] + snake_speed[1]])# 檢查蛇頭是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:food_pos = [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 檢查蛇頭是否碰到墻壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] < 0 or snake_pos[0][0] >= screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] < 0 or snake_pos[0][1] >= screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:show_msg("Dead! Again? (Y or N)")is_running = Falseis_dead = Truecontinue# 重畫界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戲速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ == "__main__":init()main()

改進過程二

增加顯示得分

每吃到一個食物+10分，蛇長和食物靠近邊界會有額外加分；順帶顯示出蛇的坐標位置。

函數show_msg_at()，比show_msg增加x,y坐標，把信息顯示到指定的位置：

def show_msg_at(x, y, msg):
? ? font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 14)? # 使用系統字庫
? ? text = font.render(msg, True, BLACK)
? ? text_rect = text.get_rect()
? ? text_rect.x, text_rect.y = x, y
? ? screen.blit(text, text_rect)
? ? pygame.display.flip()

另外新增一個全局變量?scores，當碰到食物時加10分，蛇長超過5以及食物靠近邊界的距離小3會有額外加分，規則可以自己定，例如：

? ? ? ? if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:
? ? ? ? ? ? scores += 10?+ len(snake_pos) // 5
? ? ? ? ? ? if not 1 < snake_pos[0][0]//20 < 30 or not 1 < snake_pos[0][1]//20 < 22:
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? scores += 5?

完整代碼如下：?

import pygame
import sys
import random# 定義顏色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE  = (0, 0, 255)
GREY  = (220, 220, 220)  # 淡灰色
DARK  = (120, 120, 120)  # 深灰色def init():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamescores = 0pygame.init()# 設置屏幕大小screen_size = (640, 480)screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 設置游戲標題pygame.display.set_caption("貪吃蛇")# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos = [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos = [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed = [20, 0]def show_msg(msg, color = BLUE):x = screen.get_rect().centerxy = screen.get_rect().centery - 50font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)text = font.render(msg, True, color)text_rect = text.get_rect()text_rect.centerx = xtext_rect.centery = yrectangle1 = pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)rectangle2 = pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 邊框寬為2screen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def repaint():# 繪制游戲界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定義線段的端點坐標x,y = (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19+i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函數繪制線段points = list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 線寬為1points = list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1)   # 重畫蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()show_msg_at(22, 6, f'Scores: {scores}')show_msg_at(410, 6, f'Snake coordinate: ({1+snake_pos[0][0]//20:2}, {1+snake_pos[0][1]//20:2})')def show_msg_at(x, y, msg):font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 14)text = font.render(msg, True, BLACK)text_rect = text.get_rect()text_rect.x, text_rect.y = x, yscreen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speedis_running = Falseis_paused = Falseis_dead = Falserepaint()show_msg("Press any key to start ...")# 主循環while True:# 處理游戲事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:snake_speed = [0, -20]elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed = [0, 20]elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed = [-20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed = [20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_y:if is_dead:init()is_dead = Falseis_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_n:if is_dead: game_quit()else: is_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:if is_dead: continueif is_paused: is_paused = Falseis_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:if is_running:show_msg(">>> Paused <<<")is_paused = not is_pausedelse: # 任意鍵進入開始狀態if is_dead: continueis_running = Trueif not is_running: continueif is_paused and is_running: continue# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] + snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] + snake_speed[1]])# 檢查蛇頭是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:scores += 10?+ len(snake_pos) // 5if not 1 < snake_pos[0][0]//20 < 30 or not 1 < snake_pos[0][1]//20 < 22:scores += 5????????food_pos = [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 檢查蛇頭是否碰到墻壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] < 0 or snake_pos[0][0] >= screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] < 0 or snake_pos[0][1] >= screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:show_msg("Dead! Again? (Y or N)")is_running = Falseis_dead = Truecontinue# 重畫界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戲速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ == "__main__":init()main()

改進過程三

增加背景景樂

def play_music(mp3, volume = 1, loops = -1):
? ? # 初始化pygame的mixer模塊
? ? pygame.mixer.init()
? ? # 加載音樂文件
? ? pygame.mixer.music.load(mp3)
? ? # 控制音量?volume = 0~1，1為最高音量
? ? pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(volume)
? ? # 播放音樂 loops = -1 為循環播放
? ? pygame.mixer.music.play(loops)

增加提示音效

def play_sound(wav_no):
? ? sound_fn = f'sound{wav_no}.wav'
? ? if os.path.exists(sound_fn):
? ? ? ? alert_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(sound_fn)
? ? ? ? alert_sound.play()

音樂切換

快捷鍵 Ctrl+M?

? ? elif event.key == pygame.K_m and event.mod & pygame.KMOD_CTRL:
? ? ? ? # Ctrl+M 切換背景音樂
? ? ? ? is_mute = False
? ? ? ? music_no = 1 if music_no == 3 else music_no + 1
? ? ? ? music_fn = f"voice{music_no}.mp3"
? ? ? ? if os.path.exists(music_fn):
? ? ? ? ? ? t = threading.Thread(target=play_music, args=(music_fn,0.8,))
? ? ? ? ? ? t.start()

靜音切換

快捷鍵 Ctrl+S

? ? elif event.key == pygame.K_s and event.mod & pygame.KMOD_CTRL:
? ? ? ? # Ctrl+S 切換靜音狀態
? ? ? ? is_mute = not is_mute
? ? ? ? if is_mute:
? ? ? ? ? ? pygame.mixer.music.pause()
? ? ? ? else:
? ? ? ? ? ? pygame.mixer.music.unpause()

mixer.music.play 注意事項

1. pygame.mixer.music.play() 只能播放pygame支持的音頻格式，包括WAV, MP3等。

2. 如果音頻文件未找到或無法讀取，pygame.mixer.music.play( ) 會拋出一個異常。使用需要確保音頻文件的路徑正確，且文件存在。導入os庫，用os.path.exists(music_file) 判斷文件是否存在。

3. pygame.mixer.music.play() 是一個阻塞函數，在音頻播放期間程序將不會執行其他操作。如果需要在播放同時執行其他操作，需要在一個單獨的線程中調用pygame.mixer.music.play()。

4. 多線程需要導入threading庫，例如：

? ? ? ? ??t = threading.Thread(target=play_music, args=(music_fn,0.8,))
? ? ? ? ? t.start()

原版幫助摘要

pygame.mixer

NAME
? ? pygame.mixer_music - pygame module for controlling streamed audio

FUNCTIONS
? ? fadeout(...)
? ? ? ? fadeout(time) -> None
? ? ? ? stop music playback after fading out
? ??
? ? get_busy(...)
? ? ? ? get_busy() -> bool
? ? ? ? check if the music stream is playing
? ??
? ? get_endevent(...)
? ? ? ? get_endevent() -> type
? ? ? ? get the event a channel sends when playback stops
? ??
? ? get_pos(...)
? ? ? ? get_pos() -> time
? ? ? ? get the music play time
? ??
? ? get_volume(...)
? ? ? ? get_volume() -> value
? ? ? ? get the music volume
? ??
? ? load(...)
? ? ? ? load(filename) -> None
? ? ? ? load(fileobj, namehint=) -> None
? ? ? ? Load a music file for playback
? ??
? ? pause(...)
? ? ? ? pause() -> None
? ? ? ? temporarily stop music playback
? ??
? ? play(...)
? ? ? ? play(loops=0, start=0.0, fade_ms=0) -> None
? ? ? ? Start the playback of the music stream
? ??
? ? queue(...)
? ? ? ? queue(filename) -> None
? ? ? ? queue(fileobj, namehint=, loops=0) -> None
? ? ? ? queue a sound file to follow the current
? ??
? ? rewind(...)
? ? ? ? rewind() -> None
? ? ? ? restart music
? ??
? ? set_endevent(...)
? ? ? ? set_endevent() -> None
? ? ? ? set_endevent(type) -> None
? ? ? ? have the music send an event when playback stops
? ??
? ? set_pos(...)
? ? ? ? set_pos(pos) -> None
? ? ? ? set position to play from
? ??
? ? set_volume(...)
? ? ? ? set_volume(volume) -> None
? ? ? ? set the music volume
? ??
? ? stop(...)
? ? ? ? stop() -> None
? ? ? ? stop the music playback
? ??
? ? unload(...)
? ? ? ? unload() -> None
? ? ? ? Unload the currently loaded music to free up resources
? ??
? ? unpause(...)
? ? ? ? unpause() -> None
? ? ? ? resume paused music

pygame.mixer.Sound

完整代碼：

import pygame
import sys, os
import random
import threading# 定義顏色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE  = (0, 0, 255)
GREY  = (220, 220, 220)  # 淡灰色
DARK  = (120, 120, 120)  # 深灰色def init():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamescores = 0pygame.init()# 設置屏幕大小screen_size = (640, 480)screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 設置游戲標題pygame.display.set_caption("貪吃蛇")# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos = [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos = [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed = [20, 0]def play_music(mp3, volume = 1, loops = -1):# 初始化pygame的mixer模塊pygame.mixer.init()# 加載音樂文件pygame.mixer.music.load(mp3)# 控制音量pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(volume)# 播放音樂pygame.mixer.music.play(loops)def play_sound(wav_no):sound_fn = f'sound{wav_no}.wav'if os.path.exists(sound_fn):alert_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(sound_fn)alert_sound.play()def show_msg(msg, color = BLUE):x = screen.get_rect().centerxy = screen.get_rect().centery - 50font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)text = font.render(msg, True, color)text_rect = text.get_rect()text_rect.centerx = xtext_rect.centery = yrectangle1 = pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)rectangle2 = pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 邊框寬為2screen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def repaint():# 繪制游戲界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定義線段的端點坐標x,y = (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19+i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函數繪制線段points = list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 線寬為1points = list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1)   # 重畫蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()show_msg_at(22, 6, f'Scores: {scores}')show_msg_at(410, 6, f'Snake coordinate: ({1+snake_pos[0][0]//20:2}, {1+snake_pos[0][1]//20:2})')def show_msg_at(x, y, msg):font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 14)text = font.render(msg, True, BLACK)text_rect = text.get_rect()text_rect.x, text_rect.y = x, yscreen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speedis_running = Falseis_paused = Falseis_dead = Falseis_mute = Falserepaint()show_msg("Press any key to start ...")# 創建一個線程來播放音樂music_no = 1music_fn = "voice1.mp3"if os.path.exists(music_fn):t = threading.Thread(target=play_music, args=(music_fn,0.8,))t.start()# 主循環while True:# 處理游戲事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:snake_speed = [0, -20]elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed = [0, 20]elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed = [-20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed = [20, 0]elif event.key == pygame.K_y:if is_dead:init()is_dead = Falseis_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_n:if is_dead: game_quit()else: is_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:if is_dead: continueif is_paused: is_paused = Falseis_running = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:if is_running:show_msg(">>> Paused <<<")is_paused = not is_pausedif not is_mute and is_paused: play_sound(1)elif event.key == pygame.K_m and event.mod & pygame.KMOD_CTRL:# Ctrl+M 切換背景音樂is_mute = Falsemusic_no = 1 if music_no == 3 else music_no + 1music_fn = f"voice{music_no}.mp3"if os.path.exists(music_fn):t = threading.Thread(target=play_music, args=(music_fn,0.8,))t.start()elif event.key == pygame.K_s and event.mod & pygame.KMOD_CTRL:# Ctrl+S 切換靜音狀態is_mute = not is_muteif is_mute:pygame.mixer.music.pause()else:pygame.mixer.music.unpause()is_running = Trueelse: # 任意鍵進入開始狀態if is_dead: continueis_running = Trueif not is_running: continueif is_paused and is_running: continue# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] + snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] + snake_speed[1]])# 檢查蛇頭是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:scores += 10 + len(snake_pos) // 5if not 1 < snake_pos[0][0]//20 < 30 or not 1 < snake_pos[0][1]//20 < 22:scores += 5if not is_mute: play_sound(2)food_pos = [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 檢查蛇頭是否碰到墻壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] < 0 or snake_pos[0][0] >= screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] < 0 or snake_pos[0][1] >= screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:show_msg("Dead! Again? (Y or N)")is_running = Falseis_dead = Trueif not is_mute: play_sound(3)continue# 重畫界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戲速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ == "__main__":init()main()

小結

本文以貪吃蛇游戲為例，對pygame編程的一個簡單框架進行了深入的學習，包括對畫圖、字體、音樂等各個方面操作的各種方法和函數，學習后在pygame這方面的編程能力有所長進提高。

pygame編程框架

import pygame
import sys# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()# 設置窗口大小
screen_size = (800, 600)# 創建窗口
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 設置窗口標題
pygame.display.set_caption("Pygame Example")# 主循環
while True:# 處理事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()elif event.type == ...... // 處理按鍵事件# 填充背景色screen.fill((255, 255, 255))# 繪制矩形pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 255), (400, 300, 100, 50))# 更新顯示pygame.display.flip()

最終版的源代碼及音樂文件列表如下：