nmap概念及功能
概念
NMap，也就是Network Mapper，最早是Linux下的網絡掃描和嗅探工具包。
nmap是一個網絡連接端掃描軟件，用來掃描網上電腦開放的網絡連接端。確定哪些服務運行在哪些連接端，并且推斷計算機運行哪個操作系統（這是亦稱 fingerprinting）。它是網絡管理員必用的軟件之一，以及用以評估網絡系統安全。
正如大多數被用于網絡安全的工具，nmap 也是不少黑客及駭客（又稱腳本小子）愛用的工具 。系統管理員可以利用nmap來探測工作環境中未經批準使用的服務器，但是黑客會利用nmap來搜集目標電腦的網絡設定，從而計劃攻擊的方法。
Nmap 常被跟評估系統漏洞軟件Nessus 混為一談。Nmap 以隱秘的手法，避開闖入檢測系統的監視，并盡可能不影響目標系統的日常操作。
Nmap 在黑客帝國(The Matrix)中，連同SSH1的32位元循環冗余校驗漏洞，被崔妮蒂用以入侵發電站的能源管理系統。
功能
基本功能有三個，一是探測一組主機是否在線；其次是掃描 主機端口，嗅探所提供的網絡服務；還可以推斷主機所用的操作系統 。Nmap可用于掃描僅有兩個節點的LAN，直至500個節點以上的網絡。Nmap 還允許用戶定制掃描技巧。通常，一個簡單的使用ICMP協議的ping操作可以滿足一般需求；也可以深入探測UDP或者TCP端口，直至主機所 使用的操作系統；還可以將所有探測結果記錄到各種格式的日志中， 供進一步分析操作。
進行ping掃描，打印出對掃描做出響應的主機,不做進一步測試(如端口掃描或者操作系統探測)：
nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24
僅列出指定網絡上的每臺主機，不發送任何報文到目標主機：
nmap -sL 192.168.1.0/24
探測目標主機開放的端口，可以指定一個以逗號分隔的端口列表(如-PS22，23，25，80)：
nmap -PS 192.168.1.234
使用UDP ping探測主機：
nmap -PU 192.168.1.0/24
使用頻率最高的掃描選項：SYN掃描,又稱為半開放掃描，它不打開一個完全的TCP連接，執行得很快：
nmap -sS 192.168.1.0/24
nmap安裝
本文以linux Ubuntu16.04為例，最后主要用python操作
1. 先安裝nmap
sudo apt-get install nmap
2.再安裝python-nmap
sudo pip install python-nmap
安裝完之后python導入nmap測試驗證是否成功
root@LiDebin:~# python
Python 2.7.12 (default, Jul 1 2016, 15:12:24)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import nmap
python操作nmap
1.簡單的小案例
創建PortScanner實例，然后掃描159.239.210.26這個IP的20-443端口。
import nmapnm = nmap.PortScanner()
ret = nm.scan('115.239.210.26','20')
print ret返回格式如下:
{'nmap': {'scanstats':
{'uphosts': '1', 'timestr': 'Tue Oct 25 11:30:47 2016', 'downhosts': '0', 'totalhosts': '1', 'elapsed': '1.11'},'scaninfo': {'tcp': {'services': '20', 'method': 'connect'}}, 'command_line': 'nmap -oX - -p 20 -sV 115.239.210.26'},'scan': {'115.239.210.26': {'status': {'state': 'up', 'reason': 'syn-ack'}, 'hostnames': [{'type': '', 'name': ''}],'vendor': {}, 'addresses': {'ipv4': '115.239.210.26'},'tcp': {20: {'product': '', 'state': 'filtered', 'version': '', 'name': 'ftp-data', 'conf': '3', 'extrainfo': '',
'reason': 'no-response', 'cpe': ''}
}
}
}
}
2.內置方法：
還可以打印出簡單的信息
import nmap
nm = nmap.PortScanner()
print nm.scaninfo()
# {u'tcp': {'services': u'20-443', 'method': u'syn'}}
print nm.command_line()
# u'nmap -oX - -p 20-443 -sV 115.239.210.26'
查看有多少個host
print nm.all_hosts()
# [u'115.239.210.26']
查看該host的詳細信息
nm['115.239.210.26']
查看該host包含的所有協議
nm['115.239.210.26'].all_protocols()
查看該host的哪些端口提供了tcp協議
nm['115.239.210.26']['tcp']nm['115.239.210.26']['tcp'].keys()
查看該端口是否提供了tcp協議
nm['115.239.210.26'].has_tcp(21)
還可以像這樣設置nmap執行的參數
nm.scan(hosts='192.168.1.0/24', arguments='-n -sP -PE -PA21,23,80,3389')
更多操作請進官網http://xael.org/pages/python-nmap-en.html
實驗案例
檢測內網機器端口
1.定義函數庫mytools.py
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
def sendemail(sender,receiver,subject,content,smtpserver,smtpuser,smtppass): msg = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8')#中文需參數‘utf-8'，單字節字符不需要 msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') msg['From'] = '<%s>' % sender msg['To'] = ";".join(receiver) try: smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect(smtpserver) smtp.login(smtpuser, smtppass) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) smtp.quit() except Exception,e: print e
2. 實現端口掃描的程序，單線程版本nmscan.py
# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import nmap
import re
import mytools as tool
import sysreload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')def nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist):p = re.compile("^(\d*)\-(\d*)$")if type(hostlist) != list:help()portmatch = re.match(p, portrange)if not portmatch:help()l = []for host in hostlist:result = ''nm = nmap.PortScanner()tmp = nm.scan(host, portrange)result = result + "<h2>ip地址:%s 主機名:[%s] ...... %s</h2><hr>" % (host, tmp['scan'][host]['hostname'], tmp['scan'][host]['status']['state'])try:ports = tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'].keys()except KeyError, e:if whitelist:whitestr = ','.join(whitelist)result = result + "未掃到開放端口!請檢查%s端口對應的服務狀態" % whitestrelse:result = result + "掃描結果正常，無暴漏端口"for port in ports:info = ''if port not in whitelist:info = '<strong><font color=red>Alert:非預期端口</font><strong> 'else:info = '<strong><font color=green>Info:正常開放端口</font><strong> 'portinfo = "%s <strong>port</strong> : %s <strong>state</strong> : %s <strong>product<strong/> : %s <br>" % (info, port, tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['state'],tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['product'])result = result + portinfol.append([host, str(result)])return ldef help():print "Usage: nmScan(['127.0.0.1',],'0-65535')"if __name__ == "__main__":hostlist = ['10.10.10.10', '10.10.10.11']portrange = '0-65535'whitelist = [80, 443]l = nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist)sender = '75501664@qq.com'receiver = ['zhangyanlin8851@163.com', '877986976@qq.com']subject = '服務器端口掃描'smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'smtpuser = 'zhangyanlin8851@163.cn'smtppass = 'linuxidc163'mailcontent = ''for i in range(len(l)):mailcontent = mailcontent + l[i][1]tool.sendemail(sender, receiver, subject, mailcontent, smtpserver, smtpuser, smtppass)
3.多線程版本
# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import nmap
import re
import mytools as tool
import sys
from multiprocessing import Pool
from functools import partialreload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')def nmScan(host, portrange, whitelist):p = re.compile("^(\d*)\-(\d*)$")# if type(hostlist) != list:# help()portmatch = re.match(p, portrange)if not portmatch:help()if host == '121.42.32.172':whitelist = [25, ]result = ''nm = nmap.PortScanner()tmp = nm.scan(host, portrange)result = result + "<h2>ip地址:%s 主機名:[%s] ...... %s</h2><hr>" % (host, tmp['scan'][host]['hostname'], tmp['scan'][host]['status']['state'])try:ports = tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'].keys()for port in ports:info = ''if port not in whitelist:info = '<strong><font color=red>Alert:非預期端口</font><strong> 'else:info = '<strong><font color=green>Info:正常開放端口</font><strong> 'portinfo = "%s <strong>port</strong> : %s <strong>state</strong> : %s <strong>product<strong/> : %s <br>" % (info, port, tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['state'], tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['product'])result = result + portinfoexcept KeyError, e:if whitelist:whitestr = ','.join(whitelist)result = result + "未掃到開放端口!請檢查%s端口對應的服務狀態" % whitestrelse:result = result + "掃描結果正常，無暴漏端口"return resultdef help():print "Usage: nmScan(['127.0.0.1',],'0-65535')"return Noneif __name__ == "__main__":hostlist = ['10.10.10.10', '10.10.10.11']portrange = '0-65535'whitelist = [80, 443]l = nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist)sender = '75501664@qq.com'receiver = ['zhangyanlin8851@163.com', '877986976@qq.com']subject = '服務器端口掃描'smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'smtpuser = 'zhangyanlin8851@163.cn'smtppass = 'linuxidc163'mailcontent = ''for i in range(len(l)):mailcontent = mailcontent + l[i][1]tool.sendemail(sender, receiver, subject, mailcontent, smtpserver, smtpuser, smtppass)
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