ux設計師怎樣找同類產品

by Vinny

文尼

沒有預算？別找借口。便宜的UX上的UX 2：讓我們開始構建。 (No budget? No excuse. UX on the cheap Part 2: let’s get building.)

This is a continuation of my series on ‘UX on a Budget’. If you haven’t read part one, I’d strongly recommend giving it a read before getting into this article. You can find it below.

這是我關于“ 預算中的用戶體驗 ”系列的繼續。如果您還沒有閱讀第一部分，強烈建議您在閱讀本文之前先對其進行閱讀。您可以在下面找到它。

No budget? No excuse. Here’s a practical guide to UX on the cheap.Here’s a problem I’ve encountered over and over again during my 5 years as a UX designer at Melbourne agencies: no…medium.freecodecamp.com

沒有預算？ 別找借口。 這是便宜的UX實用指南。 在墨爾本代理商擔任UX設計師的5年中，這是我一次又一次遇到的問題：不… medium.freecodecamp.com

In part one, I discussed the first stage of IDEO’s circular design methodology, ‘Understand’. In this article, I’m going to walk through the next two stages, ‘Define’ and ‘Make’.

在第一部分中，我討論了IDEO循環設計方法的第一階段“ 理解 ”。在本文中，我將介紹接下來的兩個階段，即“ 定義 ”和“ 制造 ”。

In keeping with theme of this series, the idea of this article is give you some practical tips into how you can implement this methodology. We are sticking to the core of Lean UX (that is, ‘do as little as you can to validate your ideas’) and keeping down budget. Let’s get to it, after a quick reminder to sign up for the full eBook :)

為了與本系列主題保持一致，本文的目的是為您提供一些實用的技巧，以幫助您實現這種方法。我們堅持精益UX的核心(即“盡您所能來驗證您的想法”)并??降低預算。在快速提醒您注冊完整的電子書之后，讓我們開始吧：)

定義 (Define)

Now you’ll need to define the problem that you are trying to solve. What you’ll want to do here is establish some achievable goals, that are clear, easy to measure and at their core benefit the business.

現在，您需要定義您要解決的問題。您在這里要做的是建立一些可實現的目標，這些目標明確，易于衡量，并且從根本上使業務受益。

作坊 (Workshopping)

UX’ers love post it notes. There’s a reason for this. Humans are programmed to be good at certain things. One of these, is seeing patterns and the desire to group like things together (see Susan Weinschenk’s book, ‘100 Things Every Designer Needs To Know About People’ for one, plenty more about this topic out there).

UX'ers喜歡發布便箋。這是有原因的。人類被編程為擅長某些事情。其中之一是看到模式并將類似的事物組合在一起的愿望(請參閱Susan Weinschenk的書“ 每個設計師都需要了解的人的100件事 ”中的一個，還有更多關于此主題的信息)。

Getting post it notes onto a board allows us to get ideas out of our head and onto a wall and view everything from a different perspective. Things can be easily moved, ideas grouped together (more about affinity mapping here) and we can form discussion points.

將便箋貼到板上可以使我們從腦海中浮現出想法，并從墻上透視并從不同角度查看所有內容。可以輕松移動事物，將想法歸為一組( 更多有關親和力映射的信息 )，我們可以形成討論要點。

I’d strongly advise trying to workshop the insights that you collect from any kind of user research, or even insights you’ve drawn from analytics. Ideally you can draw on at least one/two from the client’s team and one other person from your own team. Having 4 people in a room means that you’ll see the data from other perspectives, not just your own. This is vital.

我強烈建議您嘗試收集從任何類型的用戶研究中收集到的見解，甚至從分析中獲得的見解。理想情況下，您可以從客戶團隊中選拔至少一名/兩名，從您自己團隊中選拔另一名。一個房間中有4個人意味著您將從其他角度查看數據，而不僅僅是自己的角度。這是至關重要的。

I fully understand this is not always possible and therefore having at least one other (you can still workshop with two people!) is still a worthwhile exercise.

我完全理解這并不總是可能的，因此至少要有一個彼此(您仍然可以和兩個人一起做工！)仍然是值得進行的練習。

There are plenty of ways to synthesize your data and I’ll not go into detail here, but I’d strongly recommend the book Gamestorming if you want some workshop ideas — the book will help you choose the right activity for the situation you have.

有很多方法可以綜合您的數據，在這里我將不做詳細介紹，但是如果您希望獲得一些工作坊的想法，我強烈建議您閱讀《 Gamestorming 》一書-該書將幫助您根據自己的情況選擇正確的活動。

Pro tip: Make sure and finish with a clear summary of what took place, and a clear next step. Too many times these awesome conversations get lost, or people not in the room don’t get the context. Create a Trello board with the key insights — it’s free, easily shareable and better than a photo where you have to zoom in and can’t read peoples handwriting :)

專家提示：確保并完成對發生的事情的清晰總結，以及明確的下一步。這些令人難以置信的對話迷失了很多次，或者不在房間里的人聽不到上下文。創建具有關鍵見解的Trello板-它是免費的，易于共享的，并且比必須放大并且看不懂人筆跡的照片要好：)

挖過去的表面 (Dig past the surface)

One of my favorite people to listen to speak about human behaviors is leading advertiser Rory Sutherland. If you haven’t watched him talk before, reading this article will have paid for itself by just discovering this guy. Check him out. A quote from Rory which really resonated with me:

我最喜歡聽的關于人類行為的演講者之一是廣告主羅里·薩瑟蘭(Rory Sutherland) 。如果您以前沒有看過他的講話，那么閱讀這篇文章將因發現這個人而有所回報。檢查他。羅里(Rory)的一句話確實引起了我的共鳴：

As soon as a number becomes a metric, it loses all relevance as a metric.

數字一旦成為度量標準，就將失去與度量標準的所有相關性。

It’s common at the start of projects to promise things like an increase in traffic, or a lower bounce rate, or some kind of analytics metric that sounds great. The thing is, while not always irrelevant, a lot of the time we focus on the wrong goals.

在項目開始時，通常會承諾增加流量，降低跳出率或聽起來不錯的某種分析指標。問題是，盡管并非總是無關緊要，但很多時候我們專注于錯誤的目標。

If your goal is to make more money, your focus should be on conversion rate, not traffic, not bounce rate. Focus on what’s actually important and spend all your time and effort on that goal, not wasting it on those aesthetically pleasing positive trend lines in Google Analytics. Looks great on a report, but who cares if it doesn’t mean money in the bank.

如果您的目標是賺更多的錢，那么您的重點應該放在轉化率上，而不是流量上，而不是跳出率上。專注于真正重要的事情，并花費所有的時間和精力來實現該目標，而不是將其浪費在Google Analytics(分析)中那些令人愉悅的積極趨勢線上。在報告上看起來不錯，但誰在乎這是否意味著在銀行中存錢。

Of course this is different in every project. Sometimes more traffic is the goal, sometimes a lower bounce rate is better. The point is, if you’re promising you’re going to improve something — make sure and think about what you are choosing and why. Make sure you’re not being unrealistic.

當然，每個項目都不同。有時目標是增加流量，有時跳出率越低越好。關鍵是，如果您保證將要改善某些方面，請確保并考慮選擇的內容以及原因。確保您不是不切實際。

精益UX畫布 (The Lean UX Canvas)

I’ve talked a lot about lean UX and here’s another handy tool from Jeff Gothelf — the lean UX canvas.

我已經談論過很多關于精益UX的知識，這是Jeff Gothelf的另一個便捷工具-精益UX畫布。

This can serve as a great reference point for your project. You may not want to use all of this canvas, but you can pick the pieces that are relevant. Customize it to suit you and suit the project you’re working on, but it’s really important to use a tool like this because it gives you something to refer back to later and help you to make decisions later on.

這可以作為您的項目的重要參考。您可能不想使用所有這些畫布，但是可以選擇相關的部分。對其進行自定義以適合您并適合您正在從事的項目，但是使用這樣的工具確實很重要，因為它為您提供了以后可以參考的內容，并有助于您以后做出決策。

The main reason I’m a fan of this kind of canvas, is that it formalizes the data I’ve collected. I’ve talked a lot about gathering data and insights, and coming up with goals — this allows them all to live in one place as a reference point.

我之所以喜歡這種畫布，主要是因為它使我收集的數據形式化。我已經談論了很多有關收集數據和見解以及提出目標的問題，這使他們都可以作為參考點生活在一個地方。

Creating your own version of this document with your own branding and customized to the project at hand, not only will help you with your work, but will look impressive to your client and gives them a great reference point.

使用自己的品牌創建自己的文檔版本并針對手頭的項目進行定制，這不僅可以幫助您完成工作，而且對您的客戶印象深刻，并為他們提供了很好的參考點。

有爭議的旁注—角色 (A controversial sidenote — personas)

One thing I haven’t mentioned in here is personas. Some love them, some don’t love them. My personal opinion is to use personas if you find them useful. In the spirit of Lean UX, you can easily create proto-personas very quickly (another trick from Jeff’s book)— this just means creating a quick summary of a potential customer/user of your product, that you can refer to throughout your work.

我在這里沒有提到的一件事是角色。有些人愛他們，有些人不愛他們。我個人的觀點是，如果您覺得角色有用，請使用角色。本著精益UX的精神，您可以輕松快速地創建原型角色(這是Jeff的書中的另一個竅門)，這僅意味著創建產品潛在客戶/用戶的快速摘要，您可以在整個工作中參考。

People that advocate for personas say that having personas help your designs remain human centered, by the very literal fact that you are making your decision decisions based on a human (who you’ve created). This can be an excellent way to guide conversations.

提倡人物角色的人們說，擁有人物角色可以幫助您的設計始終以人為中心，這是因為您實際上是根據人(您創建的人)來做出決策。這可能是引導對話的絕佳方法。

On the other side of the fence, there’s an argument that by focussing on personas, we give to much emphasis into these particular users and their perspectives and therefore lose sight of the bigger picture.

在籬笆的另一側，有一個論點是，通過關注角色，我們將重點放在這些特定用戶及其觀點上，因此看不到大局。

I think there’s an art to personas and a way to create a good balance. I’d advise experimenting with them and seeing how you go.

我認為角色扮演有一種藝術，可以創造一種良好的平衡。我建議您嘗試使用它們，看看您的情況如何。

摘要 (Summary)

You’ve got lots of beautiful stats and insights from part one. Now you’ve started to synthesize data, looking for patterns and opportunities. You’ve established some business goals. You’ve made some promises. You’ve got your canvas filled out (or at least noted down what you’re trying to achieve). You’ve got some others involved and you’re now ready for the fun part.

在第一部分中，您將獲得許多美麗的統計數據和見解。現在，您已經開始合成數據，尋找模式和機會。您已經建立了一些業務目標。您已經做出了一些承諾。您的畫布已填寫完畢(或至少記下了您要實現的目標)。您還涉及其他一些人，現在您可以開始有趣的部分了。

Making stuff!

做東西！

使 (Make)

紙 (Paper)

Personally, when it comes to making stuff, I have to start with paper. For me it’s an exercise in getting out of my head. Writing stuff down, so I can draw patterns. Whether it’s drawing out a mock flow or what a screen might look like, or just listing relevant thoughts. I keep notebooks and notebooks, of what looks like utter nonsense, but is actually critical to how I work.

就個人而言，談到制作東西，我必須從紙開始。對我來說，這是一種擺脫頭腦的鍛煉。把東西寫下來，這樣我就可以畫出圖案了。無論是繪制模擬流程還是屏幕看起來是什么樣，還是只列出相關的想法。我保留著一堆廢話，但實際上對我的工作至關重要。

For me personally, it’s all about being scrappy. I don’t use a ruler when I create a paper wireframe — it gets in the way. I’m not knocking this approach, I feel a tinge of jealousy when I see some of the unbelievable wireframes others come up with using a pencil and paper, that’s just not how I work.

就我個人而言，這一切都是關于零碎的。創建紙質線框時，我不使用標尺-它會妨礙您的工作。我并沒有放棄這種方法，當我看到一些令人難以置信的線框使用鉛筆和紙筆時，我感到有些嫉妒，那不是我的工作方式。

As soon as you open your design tool of choice and you’re in digital mode, your creativity is limited. You go from endless possibilities to a fixed canvas. You think about how things look instead of how things work. I try to hold off on this step until I have at least got a good idea of what I’m trying to achieve.

一旦打開您選擇的設計工具并且處于數字模式，您的創造力就會受到限制。您從無盡的可能性變成了固定的畫布。您會思考事物的外觀，而不是事物的工作方式。我嘗試推遲這一步驟，直到我至少對自己要實現的目標有了一個很好的了解。

原型制作 (Prototyping)

After scribbling out your thoughts on paper, it comes time to wireframe your designs, and get people actually using them.

在紙上寫下您的想法之后，是時候對您的設計進行框架設計，并讓人們實際使用它們了。

There’s apps out there like POP where you can prototype with your paper designs. This can be good to get a feel for how your flows might work and can be enough to show to people — but personally I prefer going digital at this stage and getting my thoughts into order.

像POP這樣的應用程序可以在其中進行紙張設計的原型制作。這樣可以很好地了解您的流程如何工作，并足以向人們展示-但就我個人而言，我更喜歡在此階段進行數字化處理，以使我的想法井井有條。

Some tips for digital prototyping:

數字原型制作的一些技巧：

Use real content not lorem ipsum
使用真實內容而不是lorem ipsum
Start with nothing, don’t start with a template and work backwards
從零開始，不要從模板開始而是向后工作
Find a good UI kit to help speed things along
找到一個好的UI套件來幫助加快進度

Why you ask? Lorem ipsum sucks. It was great for what it was invented for (print), but not for what we do. It takes us away from the real design into the land of make believe.

你為什么問？ Lorem ipsum很爛。它對(印刷)的發明很有用，但對我們所做的卻不是。它使我們脫離了真實的設計，進入了使人相信的領域。

Even if you don’t have the final content/copy, pick something similar. I cannot stress this point enough. Some people are so detail focussed that they just can’t look past that placeholder text in the way you can. Also, there’s no point in designing a great headline in a font that only works with four words, when in real life that headline’s going to be 20 words.

即使您沒有最終的內容/副本，也請選擇類似的內容。我不能足夠強調這一點。有些人非常注重細節，以致他們無法以您可以的方式越過占位符文本。而且，在現實生活中標題只有20個單詞的情況下，用僅能使用四個單詞的字體設計出色的標題是沒有意義的。

拋開另一面-友好的工具 (Another aside — Friendly tools)

Personally when it comes to ‘making’ digital products, I rely on a couple of pieces of software. Thankfully they play nicely together. That’s Sketch and InVision. Crazy, right?

就個人而言，“制作”數字產品時，我依賴于兩套軟件。值得慶幸的是，他們在一起玩得很好。那是Sketch和InVision 。瘋狂吧？

I spent a long time looking for great wireframing tools, and have used many in the past. I’ve been through UX Pin, Illustrator, Photoshop (seriously), Axure, Balsamiq, Mockflow and Adobe XD, some better than others, but I’ve landed on Sketch as my go-to. There’s many reasons for this, obviously it’s become a hugely popular piece of software in our industry, leading to lots of awesome plugins, articles on how to use more effectively and lots of Medium articles about why it’s so much better than anything that’s come before it.

我花了很長時間尋找出色的線框圖工具，并在過去使用了很多。我經歷過UX引腳，插畫，Photoshop的(嚴重)， Axure ， Balsamiq工作室， Mockflow和Adobe XD，一定比別人好，但我已經降落在素描作為我去到。造成這種情況的原因有很多，很明顯，它已成為我們行業中非常流行的軟件，導致了許多很棒的插件，關于如何更有效地使用的文章以及許多中級文章，說明了為什么它比以前的東西要好得多。

My thinking is that when it comes to tools we still have a long way to go (read this article), but out of all the UI tools I’ve used, Sketch is the one that gets least in my way. It’s quick for me to do what I want, I can crank out a wireframe in no time at all, and when I’m ready to go hi-fi and turn it into visual design, I can use the same software.

我的想法是，在工具方面，我們還有很長的路要走(請閱讀本文)，但是在我使用過的所有UI工具中，Sketch是影響我最少的工具。對我來說，做我想做的事情很快，我可以立即畫出線框，當我準備使用高保真音響并將其轉變為視覺設計時，我可以使用相同的軟件。

Being able to directly sync with InVision means that I can produce prototypes seamlessly from Sketch, and with the new ‘Inspect’ functionality I can also pass along to developers easily.

能夠直接與InVision同步意味著我可以從Sketch無縫地生產原型，并且借助新的“檢查”功能，我還可以輕松地將其傳遞給開發人員。

Sketch is a bargain at $99 (with a free 30 day trial) and InVision allows one free project so it definitely sticks within the ‘budget’ theme of this article. Having used InVision for so long, it’s hard to look past it for prototyping, but I have experimented with Marvel and it’s got a lot to like, so if for whatever reason you’re not into InVision, I’d strongly recommend looking at it.

Sketch定價99美元(可免費試用30天)，InVision允許一個免費項目，因此它絕對屬于本文的“預算”主題。使用InVision已有很長時間，很難超越它進行原型制作，但是我已經嘗試了Marvel，并且它非常受歡迎，因此，如果出于某種原因您不喜歡InVision，我強烈建議您進行研究。

With tools like Wordpress and Squarespace out there, it’s easy to create a website in very little time, and jump straight to code without design. For me personally, I can code, but my skill-set relies on empathizing with customers and crafting solutions.

使用諸如Wordpress和Squarespace之類的工具，很容易在很短的時間內創建一個網站，并且無需設計即可直接跳轉到代碼。就我個人而言，我可以編程，但是我的技能取決于對客戶的同情和制定解決方案。

If I spend time coding, I start to get away from the problem I’m really trying to solve (for the customer) and start fixating on my own coding limitations, therefore I try to avoid code prototypes at the early stage — this is of course different for everyone dependent on their skill-set.

如果我花時間編碼，那么我就會擺脫真正要解決的問題(針對客戶)并開始解決自己的編碼限制，因此，我嘗試在早期避免使用代碼原型-每個人的技能各不相同，這取決于他們的技能。

測試原型 (Testing Prototypes)

Once you’ve got a prototype together, you can get testing right away. What do you need to prototype? Basically as little as you possibly can to test your hypothesis.

一旦有了原型，就可以立即進行測試。您需要什么原型？基本上，您可以盡可能少地檢驗您的假設。

Let’s say you are testing demand for an app and you ask people to sign up to be notified by email. It could be as simple as adding an e-mail address box to your webpage — do people sign up? If they do, then there’s demand for the product, you can go ahead and create it knowing there’s a demand for it.

假設您正在測試對某個應用程序的需求，并要求人們注冊以通過電子郵件通知。就像在您的網頁上添加一個電子郵件地址框一樣簡單-人們注冊了嗎？如果他們這樣做了，那么就對產品有需求，您就可以在知道有需求的情況下繼續創建它。

You could add a button with the name of a new feature on it — if people click, you can lead them to a screen saying ‘coming soon’, meanwhile you can track the clicks on the button and see what the demand looks like.

您可以在按鈕上添加一個具有新功能名稱的按鈕-如果人們單擊，則可以使他們進入顯示“即將到來”的屏幕，同時您可以跟蹤按鈕的單擊并查看需求情況。

With a project you’ve setup in InVision or Marvel, at this stage your best gathering as many thoughts as you can on what your working on, at as early a stage as possible. If you’ve got other people on your team that you can get in front of the product that’s great. Even friends will help with some basic usability issues, the more people you have checking out what your doing, the better.

對于您在InVision或Marvel中設置的項目，在此階段，您最好盡早收集盡可能多的想法，以解決您的工作。如果您的團隊中有其他人，那么您可以搶先體驗很棒的產品。甚至朋友也會幫助解決一些基本的可用性問題，讓更多的人檢查您所做的事情就越好。

This is also a great time to use the guerrilla testing techniques I discussed in part one, where you can sit in a local café and get new users looking and using the prototype with fresh eyes.

這也是使用我在第一部分中討論的游擊測試技術的好時機，在那里您可以坐在當地的咖啡館中，讓新用戶以嶄新的眼光看待并使用該原型。

驗證數據 (Validating with data)

There’s also a great tool called Usability Hub, which allows you to easily recruit users to run through some quick tests with data. It’s not a free tool, but it’s very reasonably priced and affordable for a small agency or UX team of one (yay!).

還有一個很棒的工具，稱為“ 可用性中心” ，它使您可以輕松地招募用戶以對數據進行一些快速測試。它不是免費工具，但對于小型代理機構或UX團隊(一個)來說，它的價格非常合理且負擔得起(是的！)。

I particularly love running my prototypes through their preference and five second tests. It’s always nice to have data to mean you’re having informed conversations about what can often be quite subjective matters.

我特別喜歡通過我的原型和五秒鐘的測試來運行我的原型。擁有數據總是很高興，這意味著您已經在對話中得知通常可能是非常主觀的事情。

反復進行 (Iterating)

With all of this, I haven’t even talked about getting to a development stage yet. The assumption would be that once you’ve went through this process, you’re going to get some feedback to act upon. This means iterations. You’ll need to employee these techniques multiple times, before you get a definitive idea of what you’re going to build as your final product and release.

有了這些，我什至還沒有談到進入開發階段。假設一旦完成此過程，您將獲得一些反饋以采取行動。這意味著迭代。您需要多次使用這些技術，然后才能確定最終產品和發布版本的基礎。

We are dealing with UX ‘on a budget’ here, so that doesn’t always mean that you’re going to have the kind of time that this process requires. My advice is to try and get some testing done as early as possible, regardless of the project you’re working on — but living in the real world, this isn’t always possible to the extent we want. And that’s OK.

我們在這里“預算有限”地處理UX，因此這并不總是意味著您將擁有此過程所需的時間。我的建議是嘗試盡早完成一些測試，而不管您正在進行的項目是什么，但是生活在現實世界中，這并非總是能夠達到我們想要的程度。沒關系。

總結并繼續前進 (Wrapping Up and Moving On)

Ok, so to summarize what we’ve covered in this article:

好的，所以總結一下我們在本文中介紹的內容：

We’ve defined our problem through workshops
我們已經通過研討會確定了我們的問題
Maybe we made some personas, maybe we didn’t — but we’ve focussed on the user throughout this ‘defining’ stage
也許我們做了一些角色扮演，也許我們沒有做過，但是在整個“定義”階段我們一直專注于用戶
We’ve got some plans written down on our version of the Lean UX Canvas
我們在精益UX畫布版本上寫下了一些計劃
We’ve done some paper prototyping to rapidly produce some ideas
我們已經完成了一些紙張原型制作，以快速產生一些想法
We’ve went digital into Sketch (or whatever tool you might prefer) and created a digital prototype
我們已經將數字化輸入到Sketch(或您可能喜歡的任何工具)中，并創建了數字原型
People have started interacting with the prototype and we are learning
人們已經開始與原型進行交互，我們正在學習
We’ve iterated through a few versions and are ready to go!
我們已經迭代了幾個版本，可以開始使用了！

That’s it. A lot. But, due to the focus on the user, you should be much closer to a solution that’s elegant and user-centered. You mightn’t get it 100% right the first time, but you’ve invested as little time as you can on each idea, meaning there’s a chance to move on quickly when needed, to the next idea.

而已。很多。但是，由于專注于用戶，因此您應該更接近優雅且以用戶為中心的解決方案。您可能不會一開始就100％地理解它，但是您在每個創意上花費的時間都盡可能少，這意味著有機會在需要時快速進行下一個創意。

Now — it’s time to get it released and learn even more.

現在-是發布它并了解更多信息的時候了。

進一步閱讀 (Further Reading)

All of what I’ve talked about in the past couple of articles, as well as the last part of the IDEO circular design process I’ve yet to cover (‘release’), will be available in my eBook, please signup below to be notified of release :)

我在過去的幾篇文章中討論的所有內容以及我尚未介紹的IDEO循環設計過程的最后一部分(“發行版”)都可以在我的電子書中找到，請在下面注冊以收到發布通知：)

In the meantime, make sure and check out these books if you’re looking for some further reading into validating ideas quickly — they’ve definitely served as a great foundation for my own knowledge on the subject!

同時，如果您要快速閱讀一些可用于驗證想法的書，請確保并閱讀這些書-這些書無疑為我自己在該主題上的知識打下了堅實的基礎！

Google Ventures Sprint Book
Google Ventures Sprint書
Lean UX
精益UX
Lean User Research
精益用戶研究

Download the book now:

立即下載書籍：

UX on a Budget: The Practical GuideOver the past couple of months, I’ve been writing a couple of Medium articles and putting together some content for a…medium.com

預算上的UX：實用指南 在過去的幾個月中，我一直在寫一些Medium文章，并為 a。medium.com 整理一些內容。

If you’ve found this useful, please ??, share and make sure and follow me for more :)

如果您發現此功能有用，請??，分享并確定并關注我，以獲取更多信息:)