印刷點陣字體

by Harshita Arora

通過Harshita Arora

For digital design, it’s important to know and understand how to use and how to combine different fonts. There’s a font for every mood!

對于數字設計，重要的是了解和理解如何使用以及如何組合不同的字體。 每種心情都有一種字體！

This post is going to give you a quick introduction to the biggest families in Typography: Serif and Sans Serif. And how, as a designer, you can choose the right fonts and combine them.

這篇文章將為您快速介紹排版中最大的系列：Serif和Sans Serif。 以及作為設計師的方式，您如何選擇正確的字體并進行組合。

Let’s start!

開始吧！

襯線型家庭 (Serif Type Family)

The typeface Serif is differentiated from Sans Serif by the tiny little feet-like thingy called Serifs.

襯線字體Serif與Sans Serif的區別在于它們的小腳樣小東西Serifs。

A lot of Serif typefaces that you’ll see will look a lot more traditional or conservative.

您會看到許多Serif字體看起來更傳統或保守。

Origins: The reason they have these tiny feet is actually because of stone carving. Back in the days when people needed to carve out Latin letters in stone, the designer would usually paint the letters they wanted with a paintbrush. But the stonemasons would have to carve it out from that painting. And that stone carving created these serifs on the letters.

起源 ：他們之所以擁有這些小腳，實際上是由于石雕。 在人們需要用石頭雕刻出拉丁字母的時代，設計師通常會用畫筆來繪制他們想要的字母。 但是石匠將不得不從那幅畫中雕刻出來。 那個石雕在字母上創造了這些襯線。

People tend to use Serif typefaces for something quite serious. This is because of their traditional and conservative look and feel.

人們傾向于將Serif字體用于相當嚴重的事情。 這是因為它們具有傳統和保守的外觀。

Serif is further divided into four typeface families.

襯線字體又分為四個字體家族。

1.舊 樣式 (1. Old Style)

This is the oldest Serif family. It includes fonts such as Adobe Jenson, Centaur, Goudy Old style, and many more. Their typeface is modeled on what text used to look like in the 1400s. Very old-looking.

這是Serif家族中最古老的一家。 它包括Adobe Jenson，Centaur，Goudy Old樣式等字體。 他們的字體是根據1400年代以前的文字建模的。 很老。

2.過渡性 (2. Transitional)

This is a bit more modern-looking. This typeface family includes Times New Roman, Baskerville, Georgia, etc.

這看起來有點現代。 該字體家族包括Times New Roman，Baskerville，喬治亞州等。

3.現代 (3. Modern)

Even more modern-looking and classy-looking. This includes Didot, which is the typeface used for the title of Vogue magazine.

更具現代感和優雅氣息。 其中包括Didot，這是Vogue雜志標題的字體。

4.平板襯線 (4. Slab-Serif)

They’re a type family with thick serifs. Examples of slab-Serif typefaces include American Typewriter, Archer, etc.

它們是帶有粗襯線的類型家族。 平板Serif字體的示例包括American Typewriter，Archer等。

Now, how do you differentiate between these four major classes in the Serif Family?

現在，您如何區分Serif家族的這四個主要類別？

It’s actually quite easy. Look at the first three families: Old style, Transitional, and Modern. Put them side-by-side. If you have a look at the thinnest versus the thickest part of the letters, you’ll see that as you progress from the older to the more modern types. You’ll see an increased difference in what we call the modulation of the typefaces. Concentrate on the O’s for example. Comparing the Old Style to the modern types, the thickness and thinness difference will be lesser compared to Modern.

實際上很容易。 看一下前三個家庭：舊樣式，過渡樣式和現代樣式。 并排放置它們。 如果您看一下字母中最細的部分和最粗的部分，就會發現從較舊的字體到較現代的字體都是如此。 您會發現我們所說的字體調制方式之間的差異越來越大。 例如，專注于O。 將舊樣式與現代樣式進行比較，與現代樣式相比，厚度和厚度差異將更小。

And a lot of this modulation comes from when people used to write with flat-nibbed pens.

而且這種調制的很大一部分來自人們過去用筆尖書寫的筆。

What about Slab-Serif?

Slab-Serif呢？

If you have a look at a Slab-Serif font, you’ll see there’s pretty much zero difference between the thickest and the thinnest parts of the font.

如果您看一下Slab-Serif字體，您會發現字體的最粗和最細之間幾乎有零差異。

And it was designed intentionally like this. It’s one of the modern members of the Serif family. Yet, it doesn’t follow the rule of “more into the future you go, the greater the difference between the thickest and thinnest part of the font.” Slab-Serif was created for newspaper printing for clearer reading when the quality of the paper used to be poor.

它是故意設計的。 它是Serif家族的現代成員之一。 但是，它沒有遵循“越走越遠，字體的最粗和最細的部分之間的差異越大”的規則。 Slab-Serif專為報紙印刷而設計，當紙張質量較差時，可以使閱讀更加清晰。

Sans-Serif類型家族 (Sans-Serif Type Family)

Sans-Serif differs from the Serif. It does not have serifs (the tiny little feet) or any decorative elements along the central beams and the top bars. Sans-Serif is slightly more modern than the serifs.

Sans-Serif與Serif不同。 它沒有襯線(微小的小腳)或沿中心梁和頂桿的任何裝飾元素。 Sans-Serif比襯線稍微現代一些。

They’re also subdivided into four families.

他們也分為四個家庭。

1.怪誕的 (1. Grotesque)

The oldest one. This includes News Gothic, Franklin Gothic, and more.

最古老的。 這包括News Gothic，Franklin Gothic等。

2.新怪誕風格 ： (2. Neo-Grotesque:)

Slightly more modern. Helvetica and Ariel are examples.

稍微現代一點。 Helvetica和Ariel就是例子。

3.人文主義者： (3. Humanist:)

Even more in the future. Gill Sans is an example.

將來會更多。 Gill Sans是一個例子。

4.幾何 ： (4. Geometric:)

They’re based on geometric shapes. Futura is an example.

它們基于幾何形狀。 Futura就是一個例子。

How do you differentiate between the four?

您如何區分這四個？

Now, similar to the serifs, you can move from the older Grotesque family to the Neo-Grotesque to the Humanist. You can see the difference in the thickest and the thinnest parts of the font get more and more exaggerated. When you look at the Grotesque, it’s almost equidistant at all points. And when you look at the Humanist typefaces, you start to see the variation of the modulation.

現在，與襯線相似，您可以從較舊的怪誕家族轉變為新怪誕家族，再到人道主義主義者。 您會看到字體最粗和最細的部分之間的差異越來越大。 當您看怪誕的東西時，它在所有點上幾乎都是等距的。 當您查看人文主義字體時，您開始看到調制的變化。

In a Geometric typeface, the O’s are always perfectly round. The O’s look exactly like as if you draw with a protractor. And this typeface is a bit like Slab-Serif type. Even though it’s one of the modern typefaces in the family, it bucks the trend and pretty much has no modulation and is equidistant at all points.

在幾何字體中，O總是完美的圓形。 O的外觀與用量角器繪制時完全一樣。 而且這種字體有點像Slab-Serif字體。 盡管它是該系列中的現代字體之一，但它卻逆勢而上，幾乎沒有任何調制，并且在所有方面都是等距的。

排版如何確定可讀性 (How Typography Determines Readability)

Having a knowledge of the font families and their subfamilies helps with styling. But more importantly, it’s about readability. Design is both about function and form. What makes a typeface more readable?

了解字體家族及其子家族有助于樣式設計。 但更重要的是，這與可讀性有關。 設計既涉及功能又涉及形式。 是什么使字體更具可讀性？

Humanist Sans-Serif is considered to be more readable than Grotesque. And the reasons are:

人文主義的Sans-Serif被認為比Grotesque更具可讀性。 原因是：

• Humanist typeface has more open shapes.
  人文主義字體具有更開放的形狀。
• The inter-character spacing in the Humanist typeface is more than in Grotesque, making it slightly easier to read.
  人文主義字體中的字符間距比怪誕字體中的字符間距大，從而使其更易于閱讀。
• In the Grotesque typeface, the characters are ambiguous from each other. A lowercase ‘g’ and 9 in Grotesque look pretty similar, they’re all very square, adding more confusion and making it less readable. Whereas in the Humanist typeface, you can clearly differentiate between the characters.
  在怪誕的字體中，字符彼此是不明確的。 怪誕的小寫字母“ g”和9看起來很相似，它們都很方形，增加了混亂，并使可讀性降低。 而在人文主義字體中，您可以清楚地區分字符。

These are some factors that make fonts more readable. Now you can choose the typeface depending on the purpose.

這些是使字體更具可讀性的因素。 現在，您可以根據目的選擇字體。

如何組合字體 (How to combine fonts)

When you’re combining different typefaces, usually you’ll have a different typeface for the heading and a different one for the body. And this is to create a slight contrast and interest in your designs.

當您組合不同的字體時，通常您的標題將具有不同的字體，而正文將具有不同的字體。 這是為了在您的設計中產生一點對比和興趣。

Some of the common rules that designers use when they combine different fonts :

設計人員在組合不同字體時使用的一些常見規則：

1. The Serifs and Sans-Serif work really well together. It tends to create a good design. Sans-Serif have slightly increased readability compared to Serifs. Which is why Sans-Serif is a great typeface for the body of text.

   Serifs和Sans-Serif的配合非常好。 它傾向于創建一個好的設計。 與Serifs相比，Sans-Serif的可讀性略有提高。 這就是Sans-Serif是文本正文的絕佳字體的原因。

   Don’t combine a Serif with a Serif and a Sans-Serif with a Sans-Serif because it can look a little bland and undifferentiated.

   不要將Serif與Serif結合使用，而將Sans-Serif與Sans-Serif結合使用，因為它看起來有些平淡無奇。

2. Too many fonts in one design is not a good thing. It ends up looking too strange. Stick to 2 fonts (one from Serif family and the other from Sans-Serif).
   一個設計中的字體太多不是一件好事。 最終看起來太奇怪了。 堅持使用2種字體(一種來自Serif家族，另一種來自Sans-Serif)。

3. Appreciate the mood of the typeface just like colors. And don’t combine different moods together. Try to combine more modern fonts with modern fonts and older fonts with more traditional ones.

   就像顏色一樣欣賞字體的氣氛。 并且不要將不同的心情結合在一起。 嘗試將更多現代字體與現代字體相結合，將較舊字體與更多傳統字體相結合。

   If you get the mood of your typefaces, you start to create some incredibly beautiful designs.

   如果您對字體有好感，就可以開始創建一些令人難以置信的精美設計。

   Things that you should keep similar: Mood and Time era of the font

   您應該保持的相似之處：字體的心情和時代

   Things that you should contrast: Serif-ness (for instance, one font should be Serif and the other Sans-Serif) and Weights.

   您應該對比的事情：襯線度(例如，一種字體應為襯線，另一種為Sans-Serif)和權重。

   Weight means how heavy or bold your text is. Most design software have a whole range of weights. For example, light, medium, bold, extra bold, and so on. Play around with different weights contrasting them to create interesting designs.

   粗細表示您的文字有多粗或粗。 大多數設計軟件都具有整個權重范圍。 例如，淺色，中等，粗體，超粗體等。 玩弄不同的砝碼，對比它們以創建有趣的設計。

NEVER EVER use — Comic Sans, Papyrus, Viner, Kristen, Curlz. No matter what you’re designing, they’ll make your designs look terrible.

從未使用過-Comic Sans，Papyrus，Viner，Kristen和Curlz。 無論您在設計什么，它們都會使您的設計看起來很糟糕。

排版工具 (Tools for Typography)

1. WhatFont

   什么字體

   A chrome extension that tells you the name of a font on any website.

   chrome擴展名，告訴您任何網站上的字體名稱。

2. Font Squirrel

   字體松鼠

   I usually download fonts from here. They’re free for commercial use.

   我通常從這里下載字體。 它們是免費的商業用途。

That was a brief overview of the vast field of typography. Hope you learned interesting things that you can use in your designs! :)

那是對印刷術廣闊領域的簡要概述。 希望您了解了可以在設計中使用的有趣的東西！ :)

翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-typography-determines-readability-serif-vs-sans-serif-and-how-to-combine-fonts-629a51ad8cce/

印刷點陣字體