Spring MVC+Ant+Tomcat+Eclipse最簡單的demo

第一步是Java的Web環境搭建，下載Eclipse（或者更好的但收費的IDE-IntelliJ Idea，和Resharper一家公司出的），下載Tomcat，下載JDK，下載Spring，注意安裝Tomcat的時候配置一下管理員賬號和密碼（如Tomcat/s3cret），安裝好了Tomcat以后應該可以在瀏覽器訪問這個地址：http://localhost:8080/（或者其它端口如9090你可以自己制定），點擊里面的manager鏈接可以進入Tomcat管理manager頁面 http://localhost:8080/manager/html：

?

Eclilpse相關設置

首先是環境變量設置，然后要把tools.jar添加到Eclipse的Ant運行時里面去：window->preferences->ant-> runtime, Global entries, add: external jars: jdk7的安裝路徑/lib/tools.jar。

?

建立一個Spring MVC的程序+Ant+Tomcat

在Eclipse的java環境下（非JavaEE下）建立一個空的java項目（無需選擇dynamic web project），名字叫springapp，然后加個目錄叫war（便于部署），建立了就是這樣的：

然后在整個項目下添加build.xml(自動用Ant編譯和部署用的，類似makefile，這玩意爽),build.xml內容如下：

 <?xml version="1.0"?>
?
 <project name="springapp" basedir="." default="usage">
 <property file="build.properties"/>
?
 <property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
 <property name="web.dir" value="war"/>
 <property name="build.dir" value="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
 <property name="name" value="springapp"/>
?
 <path id="master-classpath">
 <fileset dir="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">
 <include name="*.jar"/>
 </fileset>
 <!-- We need the servlet API classes: -->
 <!-- * for Tomcat 5/6 use servlet-api.jar -->
 <!-- * for other app servers - check the docs -->
 <fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
 <include name="servlet*.jar"/>
 </fileset>
 <pathelement path="${build.dir}"/>
 </path>
?
 <target name="usage">
 <echo message=""/>
 <echo message="${name} build file"/>
 <echo message="-----------------------------------"/>
 <echo message=""/>
 <echo message="Available targets are:"/>
 <echo message=""/>
 <echo message="build --> Build the application"/>
 <echo message="deploy --> Deploy application as directory"/>
 <echo message="deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file"/>
 <echo message="install --> Install application in Tomcat"/>
 <echo message="reload --> Reload application in Tomcat"/>
 <echo message="start --> Start Tomcat application"/>
 <echo message="stop --> Stop Tomcat application"/>
 <echo message="list --> List Tomcat applications"/>
 <echo message=""/>
 </target>
?
 <!-- Create folder in tomcat
  <target name="init">
  <mkdir dir="${deploy.path}/springapp"/>
  </target> -->

 <target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files">
 <mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
 <javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.5" target="1.5" debug="true"
 deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true">
 <src path="${src.dir}"/>
 <classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
 </javac>
 </target>
?
 <target name="deploy" depends="build" description="Deploy application">
 <copy todir="${deploy.path}/${name}" preservelastmodified="true">
 <fileset dir="${web.dir}">
 <include name="**/*.*"/>
 </fileset>
 </copy>
 </target>
?
 <target name="deploywar" depends="build" description="Deploy application as a WAR file">
 <war destfile="${name}.war"
 webxml="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
 <fileset dir="${web.dir}">
 <include name="**/*.*"/>
 </fileset>
 </war>
 <copy todir="${deploy.path}" preservelastmodified="true">
 <fileset dir=".">
 <include name="*.war"/>
 </fileset>
 </copy>
 </target>

 <!-- ============================================================== -->
 <!-- Tomcat tasks - remove these if you don't have Tomcat installed -->
 <!-- ============================================================== -->
?
 <path id="catalina-ant-classpath">
 <!-- We need the Catalina jars for Tomcat -->
 <!-- * for other app servers - check the docs -->
 <fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
 <include name="catalina-ant.jar"/>
 </fileset>
 </path>
?
 <taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">
 <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
 </taskdef>
 <taskdef name="reload" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask">
 <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
 </taskdef>
 <taskdef name="list" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask">
 <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
 </taskdef>
 <taskdef name="start" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask">
 <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
 </taskdef>
 <taskdef name="stop" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask">
 <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
 </taskdef>
?
 <target name="install" description="Install application in Tomcat">
 <install url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
 username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
 password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
 path="/${name}"
 war="${name}"/>
 </target>
?
 <target name="reload" description="Reload application in Tomcat">
 <reload url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
 username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
 password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
 path="/${name}"/>
 </target>
?
 <target name="start" description="Start Tomcat application">
 <start url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
 username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
 password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
 path="/${name}"/>
 </target>
?
 <target name="stop" description="Stop Tomcat application">
 <stop url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
 username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
 password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
 path="/${name}"/>
 </target>
?
 <target name="list" description="List Tomcat applications">
 <list url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
 username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
 password="${tomcat.manager.password}"/>
 </target>
?
 <!-- End Tomcat tasks -->
?
 </project>

在整個項目下添加build.properties（這個是給build.xml配置環境變量的。直接拿過來運行的朋友，這里面的內容記得需要修改為你本地的路徑哦！！）

 1: # Ant properties for building the springapp

 2:? 

 3: appserver.home=C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 6.0

 4: # for Tomcat 5 use $appserver.home}/server/lib

 5: # for Tomcat 6 use $appserver.home}/lib

 6: appserver.lib=${appserver.home}/lib

 7:? 

 8: deploy.path=${appserver.home}/webapps

 9:? 

 10: tomcat.manager.url=http://localhost:8080/manager/html

 11: tomcat.manager.username=tomcat

 12: tomcat.manager.password=s3cret

然后添加一個controller，在src下添加一個java文件，輸入package為：net.spring.controller。這個controller的意思我想懂得mvc的人懂的。

 1: package net.spring.controller;

 2:? 

 3: import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

 4: import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

 5: import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

 6:? 

 7: @Controller

 8: public class HelloWorldController {

 9:? 

 10: @RequestMapping("/hello")

 11: public ModelAndView helloWorld() {

 12:? 

 13: String message = "Hello World, Spring 3.1.1 Release!";

 14: System.out.println(message);

 15: return new ModelAndView("hello", "message", message);

 16: }

 17:? 

 18: }

接著工作在war目錄下。首先加個index.jsp

 1: <html>

 2: <head><title>Example :: Spring Application</title></head>

 3: <body>

 4: <h1>Example - Spring Application</h1>

 5: <p>This is my test.</p>

 6: <p><a href="hello.html">Say Hello</a></p>

 7: </body>

 8: </html>

然后加個目錄WEB-INF。里面加一個文件web.xml（這個文件很重要，是web項目最重要的配置文件）(有關Servlet，這個是java web的核心概念。)

 1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

 2:? 

 3: <web-app version="2.4"

 4: xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"

 5: xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

 6: xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 

 7: http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >

 8:? 

 9: <display-name>Spring3MVC</display-name>

 10: <servlet>

 11: <servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>

 12: <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

 13: <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

 14: </servlet>

 15:? 

 16: <servlet-mapping>

 17: <servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>

 18: <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>

 19: </servlet-mapping>

 20: 

 21: <welcome-file-list>

 22: <welcome-file>

 23: index.jsp

 24: </welcome-file>

 25: </welcome-file-list>

 26:? 

 27: </web-app>

加一個文件srpingapp-servlet.xml

 1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

 2: <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

 3: xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

 4: xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

 5: xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

 6: xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

 7: http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

 8: http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

 9: http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

 10: 

 11: <context:component-scan base-package="net.spring.controller" />

 12: 

 13: <!-- the application context definition for the springapp DispatcherServlet -->

 14: <!-- <bean name="/hello.html" class="net.spring.controller.HelloWorldController"/> -->

 15: 

 16: <bean id="viewResolver"

 17: class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">

 18: <property name="viewClass"

 19: value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />

 20: <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />

 21: <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />

 22: </bean>

 23: </beans>

在WEB-INF加兩個目錄：jsp和lib。首先復制引用的jar包，例如Spring的jar，然后在lib目錄上粘貼，要引用這些jar：

然后右鍵選擇項目屬性，Build path… Configure build path. Libraries – > add jars…把這些lib下面的jar加入引用。

說一下目錄結構：通常，src存放Java源文件，classes存放編譯后的class文件，lib存放編譯和運行用到的所有jar文件，web存放JSP等web文件，dist存放打包后的jar文件，doc存放API文檔。

在jsp目錄下添加include.jsp:

 1: <%@ page session="false"%>

 2: <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>

 3: <%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>

添加hello.jsp，注意里面用了Model里面的：message

 1: <%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp" %>

 2:? 

 3: <html>

 4: <head><title>Hello :: Spring Application</title></head>

 5: <body>

 6: <h1>Hello - Spring Application</h1>

 7: <p>Greetings.</p>

 8: <p>Message: <c:out value="${message}"/></p>

 9: </body>

 10: </html>

?

Ant編譯和自動部署到Tomcat

為了讓Eclipse用我們的Ant編譯和build.xml文件，需要設置一下Eclipse：項目屬性，Builders，把java builder去掉勾，然后New…一個，選擇Ant builder….，然后選擇build.xml，如圖：

確定了以后，點擊菜單 project –> Build all … 自動Ant編譯：

 1: Buildfile: C:\Users\GatesBill\workspace\springapp\build.xml

 2:? 

 3: usage:

 4: [echo] springapp build file

 5: [echo] -----------------------------------

 6:  [echo] Available targets are:

 7: [echo] build --> Build the application

 8: [echo] deploy --> Deploy application as directory

 9: [echo] deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file

 10: [echo] install --> Install application in Tomcat

 11: [echo] reload --> Reload application in Tomcat

 12: [echo] start --> Start Tomcat application

 13: [echo] stop --> Stop Tomcat application

 14: [echo] list --> List Tomcat applications

 15: BUILD SUCCESSFUL

 16: Total time: 989 milliseconds

看了一下源碼，果然已經編譯好了：

但是沒有自動部署到Tomcat的webapps里面，我們需要運行Ant deploy：在項目屬性，Builders，選擇剛才我們新建的那個Ant編譯，選擇edit，然后里面Argument的地方輸入deploy，然后Apply，OK。再次編譯，就自動部署Tomcat了：

 1: Buildfile: C:\Users\GatesBill\workspace\springapp\build.xml

 2:? 

 3: build:

 4: [javac] Compiling 1 source file to C:\Users\GatesBill\workspace\springapp\war\WEB-INF\classes

 5: [javac] warning: [options] bootstrap class path not set in conjunction with -source 1.5

 6: [javac] 1 warning

 7:? 

 8: deploy:

 9: [copy] Copying 11 files to C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 6.0\webapps\springapp

 10: BUILD SUCCESSFUL

 11: Total time: 4 seconds

也可以用命令行的方式執行Ant編譯（這樣我們可以另外寫一個deploy的bat腳本，非常方便），不過要首先到computer – properties – advanced - 環境變量，添加下列環境變量：

ANT_HOME=＜Ant解壓目錄，通常在Eclipse的plugin目錄下＞，Path=…;%ANT_HOME%\bin

然后打開command（如果在win7下，可能需要提升administration 權限），轉到springapp目錄為當前目錄，然后執行ant deploy 即可，如下圖：

?

到Tomcat的目錄下webapps一看，果然有了springapp，然后在瀏覽器打開Tomcat的manager：http://localhost:8080/manager/html，點擊我們的網站springapp，有了：

點擊say hello，鏈接到：http://localhost:8080/springapp/hello.html

上面這個message是從controller傳給model的。

?

Build Error: taskdef class org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask cannot be found

如果得到這個錯誤，一般是因為安裝的Tomcat 7而不是Tomcat 6.0，因為在Tomcat 7.0下面要修改下build.xml：

?<taskdef?name="install"?classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">
2?????????<classpath?refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
3?</taskdef>

要改成：

?<taskdef?name="install"?classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.DeployTask">
2?????????<classpath?refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
3?</taskdef>

?

總結

用Ant編譯和部署到Tomcat還是非常爽的，過程很流暢。喜歡這種感覺。