操作系統大內核和微內核

A Kernel is the central component of an Operating System. The Kernel is also said to be the heart of the Operating System. It is responsible for managing all the processes, memory, files, etc. The Kernel functions at the lowest level of the Operating System. It acts as an interface (bridge) between the user-level application (software) and the hardware. Therefore, the communication between the software and the hardware is done via the Kernel.

內核是操作系統的核心組件 。 內核也被認為是操作系統的核心。 它負責管理所有進程，內存，文件等。 內核功能在操作系統的最低級別。 它充當用戶級應用程序(軟件)和硬件之間的接口(橋)。 因此，軟件和硬件之間的通信是通過內核完成的。

The main functions that the Kernel performs are as follows:

內核執行的主要功能如下：

1. Process Management

   流程管理

2. Memory Management

   內存管理

3. Device Management

   設備管理

4. Interrupt Handling

   中斷處理

5. Input Output Communication

   輸入輸出通訊

Now let us understand these functions of Kernel...

現在讓我們了解內核的這些功能...

操作系統中內核的功能 (Functions of the Kernel in Operating System)

1) Process Management

1)流程管理

The creation, execution, and termination of processes keep on going inside the system whenever a system is in the ON mode. A process contains all the information about the task that needs to be done. So, for executing any task, a process is created inside the systems. At a time, there are many processes which are in live state inside the system. The management of all these processes is very important to avoid deadlocks and for the proper functioning of the system, and it is handled by the Kernel.

每當系統處于ON模式時，進程的創建，執行和終止都會在系統內部繼續進行。 流程包含有關需要完成的任務的所有信息。 因此，為了執行任何任務，將在系統內部創建一個過程。 一次，系統內部有許多處于活動狀態的進程。 所有這些過程的管理對于避免死鎖和確保系統正常運行非常重要，并且由內核來處理。

2) Memory management

2)內存管理

Whenever a process is created and executed, it occupies memory, and when it gets terminated, the memory can be used again. But the memory should be handled by someone so that the released memory can be assigned again to the new processes. This task is also done by the Kernel. The kernel keeps track about which part of the memory is currently allocated and which part is available for being allocated to the other processes.

每當創建并執行一個進程時，它都會占用內存，而在終止時，可以再次使用該內存。 但是應由某人處理內存，以便可以將釋放的內存再次分配給新進程。 該任務也由內核完成。 內核跟蹤當前已分配內存的哪一部分以及可用于分配給其他進程的那一部分。

3) Device Management

3)設備管理

The Kernel also manages all the different devices which are connected to the system, like the Input and Output devices, etc.

內核還管理連接到系統的所有不同設備，例如輸入和輸出設備等。

4) Interrupt Handling

4)中斷處理

While executing the processes, there are conditions where tasks with more priority need to be handled first. In these cases, the kernel has to interrupt in-between the execution of the current process and handle tasks with more priority which has arrived in between.

在執行過程時，有一些條件需要首先處理優先級更高的任務。 在這些情況下，內核必須在當前進程的執行之間進行中斷，并以更高的優先級處理任務。

5) I/O Communication

5)I / O通訊

As the Kernel manages all the devices connected to it, so it is also responsible for handling all sorts of input and output that is exchanged through these devices. So, all the information that the system receives from the user and all the output that the user is provided with via different applications is handled by the Kernel.

由于內核管理與其連接的所有設備，因此它還負責處理通過這些設備交換的各種輸入和輸出。 因此，系統從用戶接收的所有信息以及通過不同應用程序為用戶提供的所有輸出均由內核處理。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/operating-systems/kernel.aspx

操作系統大內核和微內核