我正在博客之星評選，歡迎投票給我會從投票人中抽獎機械鍵盤+書，中了會私聊地址

投票連接是：https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/603955346
投票連接是：https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/603955346
投票連接是：https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/603955346
非常感謝給個五星好評（拉到頁面最下面就可以打分了）

底部有完整代碼想試驗的可以去看一下。
然后推一下我一篇文章《外國人最喜歡吃的中國美食是醬油？python數據分析》
想要素材看評論區

突然來的興趣

這個坦克大戰是基于 pygame 的，由于沒有完整的學過 pygame，之前一直以為 pygame 對于長按鍵不支持監聽，就在幾天前我竟然發現了可以，然后就打開了我的世界大門。

由于這個輔助類我隨便寫了幾個小時，還有很多問題，咱們先慢慢來，先做個坦克大戰好了。

這是演示效果：

目前這輔助類的功能有

使用這個輔助類只需要配置信息，自己創建對應對象，主角只需要創建后就可以自動可以移動，敵人也可以自己隨機“AI”進行移動，并且子彈自動觸碰敵人和墻壁會互相“銷毀”完成射擊效果。
我們先來看如何使用這輔助類。

使用示例坦克大戰

首先創建一個地圖：

map_srpirte=[['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],]

用個list就是可以了，w就是障礙物，簡單吧？
接下來設置地圖配置：

mapConf={'space':'-','w':"./tank/scene/brick.png",'height':12,'weight':20
}

space表示空間，w表示障礙物的精靈圖，寬高為精靈圖大小。
接下來寫下寬高內容：

screenW=mapConf['weight']*34
screenH=mapConf['height']*48

接下來創建組，設置屏幕：

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screenW,screenH))
group_wallt = pygame.sprite.Group()
pygame.key.set_repeat(10)
framerate = pygame.time.Clock()
group_hero = pygame.sprite.Group()
enemy_hero = pygame.sprite.Group()

接下來使用我們的自己寫的輔助類 ESprite：

sprite_hero = ESprite(screen,group_hero)

接著設置圖片與設置組：

sprite_hero.load("./tank/playerTank/tank_T1_2.png",48, 48, 4, 2)
up="./tank/bullet/bullet_up.png"
down="./tank/bullet/bullet_down.png"
left="./tank/bullet/bullet_left.png"
right="./tank/bullet/bullet_right.png"
group_hero.add(sprite_hero)

使用我們自己寫的敵人類循環創建敵人：

enemy_list=[]
for v in range(0,20):enemy = Enemy(screen,enemy_hero)enemy.load("./tank/enemyTank/enemy_1_0.png",48, 48, 4, 2)enemy_hero.add(enemy)enemy_list.append(enemy)

接下來使用自己寫的精靈類創建不可觸碰體，并且把這個對象添加到主角、敵人不可觸碰體設置之中：

posx,posy=0,0
wallet=[]
for rows in map_srpirte:for v in rows:posx+=24if v!=mapConf['space']:sprite_wallt = ESprite(screen,group_wallt)sprite_wallt.load(mapConf['w'],24, 24, 1, 1,posx,posy)group_wallt.add(sprite_wallt)sprite_hero.setCollision(sprite_wallt)#添加不可觸碰enemy.setCollision(sprite_wallt)#添加不可觸碰print(str(posx)+','+str(posy))posy+=24posx=0

最后開啟主循環進行監聽、刷新即可：

#主循環
while True:print((screenW,screenH))framerate.tick(30)ticks = pygame.time.get_ticks()for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()exit()elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:print('key down ......')sprite_hero.control.moveControl(event)pos={'up_x':18,'up_y':-10,'down_x':18,'down_y':50,'left_x':-6,'left_y':16,'right_x':50,'right_y':18,}sprite_hero.shoot(up,down,left,right,12,12,1,1,pos,ticks,enemy_list)screen.fill((0,0,100))group_hero.update(ticks)group_hero.draw(screen)enemy_hero.update(ticks)enemy_hero.draw(screen)group_wallt.update(ticks)group_wallt.draw(screen)for v in enemy_list:v.autoMove((screenW,screenH))pygame.display.update()

一、寫個精靈類

1.1 初始化

首先創建一個python 文件名為 Etank.py，并在如下引入依賴：

import pygame,random
from pygame.locals import *

pygame 、 random 是所需庫，pygame.locals import * 主要是用來找到KEY。

接下來創建一個類名為 ESprite 繼承于pygame 的Sprite 基類：

class ESprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):

在 ESprite 中給到一個 init 方法：

def __init__(self,screen,group=None):

其中 screen 是需要進行屏幕刷新的屏幕對象，group 是當前類實例化后所對應的組。

接下來在 init 中調用父類初始化：

pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)

接下來在 init 方法中初始化一些內容：

def __init__(self,screen,group=None):#target是屏幕pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)#self.target_surface = target#精靈渲染目標為屏幕self.screen=screenself.image = None#初始化圖片Noneself.main_image = None#主圖片self.rect = None#需要畫圖的區域self.rframe = 0 #圖片序列號 行self.cframe = 0 #圖片序列號 列self.old_frame = -1#老圖片序列號self.frame_width = 1#圖片寬self.frame_height = 1#圖片高self.cols = 1 #列self.rows = 1 #行self.last_time = 0 #上次更換時的總幀數，用于判斷更換幀self.X=0self.Y=0self.speedX=1self.speedY=1self.control=SpriteController(self)#控制初始化self.group=groupself.shootobj=[]self.upImg,self.downImg,self.leftImg,self.rightImg=None,None,None,Noneself.collisions=[]self.enemy_list=[]

這些初始化后的該類屬性之后將會在方法中用到，咱們用到時再做說明。

1.2 添加不可碰撞體

在游戲中有很多的不可碰撞體，例如墻壁、障礙物、這些內容對于可活動的游戲覺得是有障礙的，在這里設置一個方法為當前的精靈設置一個不可碰撞體：

#添加不可觸碰體
def setCollision(self,collision):self.collisions.append(collision)

1.3加載主圖方法

在2d游戲中，每一個98%的角色都是需要圖片給予對象視覺呈現，此時寫一個方法 load 用于加載當前主圖內容：

#加載用
def load(self, filename, width, height,rows,cols,posx=100,posy=100):self.main_image = pygame.image.load(filename).convert_alpha()#加載主圖self.frame_width = width#寬高記錄self.frame_height = heightself.rect = [posx,posy,width,height]#繪制self.cols = colsself.rows = rows

該方法的參數說明如下：

filename 圖片路徑
width 每個圖片寬
height 每個圖片高
rows 行
cols 列
posx 主圖起始繪制位置x
posy 主圖起始繪制位置y

在以上方法中，通過 filename 加載主圖，通過寬高選擇主圖所繪制的區域，圖片示例如下：
在這里插入圖片描述
寬高指的是圖片大小的寬高，posx 和 posy 指圖片左上角形成的坐標軸的位置，例如圖片大小是4848，總長度是寬 482 長是 48*8，那就是8行2列內容，那么 8 就是 rows 2就是參數 cols，posx 和 posy 就是左上角0和0。

1.5刷新方法

加載圖片后還需要刷新內容，創建一個方法 update，接收兩個參數，一個是 current_time 是當前幀數，rate 為刷新時的幀值。

#每次圖片動態更新繪制區域 動畫播放
def update(self, current_time, rate=60):#當前幀總數如果已經超過了最初的 last_time + 60，那么表示#已經超過了60幀，那么 frame 圖片序列號+1，開始下一張圖片if current_time > self.last_time + rate:self.rframe += 1 #圖片序列號+1  if self.rframe>self.cols-1:#大于圖片最大列就說明進行了一個循環，因為 self.frame 初始值是 0self.rframe=0self.last_time = current_time#每次更改圖片時就記錄更換后的幀if self.rframe != self.old_frame:#新老次序不一 表示更換frame#frame_x繪制矩形的位置x就等于圖片數*每個寬度得到x坐標值frame_x=self.rframe * self.frame_widthframe_y=self.cframe * self.frame_height#y值跟隨上下左右按鍵切換圖，圖片規定同一行一個動作# 不同按鍵對應上下左右# 繪制的區域使用 frame_width frame_height 代替rect = ( frame_x, frame_y, self.frame_width, self.frame_height )self.image = self.main_image.subsurface(rect)#選擇區域進行圖片提取self.old_frame = self.rframe

以上代碼中 if current_time > self.last_time + rate: 表示當前幀是否大于最后一次更換幀數+60，大于則需要刷新，那么則 self.rframe += 1 圖片序列號+1 ，表示更換圖片，但是不能大于本身圖片序列的行和列 if self.rframe>self.cols-1，大于則將 self.rframe=0 。

接著就替換一下 self.last_time = current_time 為最后一次的更換幀數，接下來則替換顯示圖片的坐標值，也就是 rect 值：

if self.rframe != self.old_frame:#新老次序不一 表示更換frame#frame_x繪制矩形的位置x就等于圖片數*每個寬度得到x坐標值frame_x=self.rframe * self.frame_widthframe_y=self.cframe * self.frame_height#y值跟隨上下左右按鍵切換圖，圖片規定同一行一個動作# 不同按鍵對應上下左右# 繪制的區域使用 frame_width frame_height 代替rect = ( frame_x, frame_y, self.frame_width, self.frame_height )self.image = self.main_image.subsurface(rect)#選擇區域進行圖片提取self.old_frame = self.rframe

1.6 #創建發射對象

子彈上下左右的主圖不一樣，朝向不一，如圖所示：

此時編寫一個方法 shoot：

def shoot(self,upImg,downImg,leftImg,rightImg,width,height,rows,cols,pos,ticks=None,enemy_list=[]):self.enemy_list=enemy_listif self.control.isShoot==True:#創建發射物shootobj=ESprite(self.screen)self.group.add(shootobj)posx,posy=0,0sprite_img=''if self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_UP:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['up_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['up_y']sprite_img=upImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_DOWN:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['down_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['down_y']sprite_img=downImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_LEFT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['left_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['left_y']sprite_img=leftImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_RIGHT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['right_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['right_y']sprite_img=rightImgshootobj.load(sprite_img, width, height, rows, cols,posx=posx,posy=posy)self.shootobj.append({'obj':shootobj,'shoot_direction':self.control.shoot_direction})          print('SHOOT!!!!!!!!!!...')#print(self.shootobj.rect)print(len(self.shootobj))#加組后一定要刷新，不然會讀不到 surface.image 也就是沒有在頁面之上self.group.update(ticks)self.group.draw(self.screen)#數組中已經創建的繼續移動for s in self.shootobj:if s['obj']!=None:SPEEDX=self.control.shoot_SPEEDXSPEEDY=self.control.shoot_SPEEDYif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_UP:print('direction_UP...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=-SPEEDYelif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_DOWN:print('direction_DOWN...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=+SPEEDYelif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_LEFT:print('direction_LEFT...')SPEEDX=-SPEEDXSPEEDY=0elif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_RIGHT:print('direction_RIGHT...')SPEEDX=SPEEDXSPEEDY=0s['obj'].rect=s['obj'].rect[0]+SPEEDX,s['obj'].rect[1]+SPEEDY,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heightif self.collisions!=[]:for index, v in enumerate(self.collisions):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.collisions[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.collisions[index].rect[2],self.collisions[index].rect[3]self.collisions[index].kill()#s['obj']=False#s['obj']=Noneif self.enemy_list!=[]:for index, v in enumerate(self.enemy_list):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.enemy_list[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.enemy_list[index].rect[2],self.enemy_list[index].rect[3]self.enemy_list[index].kill()

以上方法中參數 upImg,downImg,leftImg,rightImg 為上下左右子彈的圖片，width,height,rows,cols,pos,ticks=None,enemy_list=[] 一次是寬高，行列和ticks 刷新幀，enemy_list 敵人。

因為之后還需要檢測敵人碰撞后銷毀。

在該函數中第一行打碼是 self.enemy_list=enemy_list 表示設置當前的敵人列表。
接著 if self.control.isShoot==True: 這個判斷表示是否按發射鍵（之后會在控制中進行講解）；
按下發射鍵后就開始創建發射對象，同樣這個對象是ESprite 對象：

#創建發射物
shootobj=ESprite(self.screen)
self.group.add(shootobj)
posx,posy=0,0
sprite_img=''

接下來判斷此時朝向，（根據之后會有一個控制方法，檢測朝向）不同朝向的方位創建不同朝向的子彈：

if self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_UP:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['up_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['up_y']sprite_img=upImg
elif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_DOWN:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['down_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['down_y']sprite_img=downImg
elif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_LEFT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['left_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['left_y']sprite_img=leftImg
elif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_RIGHT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['right_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['right_y']sprite_img=rightImg

接著加載圖片，并且記錄方向，如果不記錄方向，之后使用同一個方法時將會與自身按鍵操作重合，會意外的控制子彈前進路線：

shootobj.load(sprite_img, width, height, rows, cols,posx=posx,posy=posy)
self.shootobj.append({'obj':shootobj,'shoot_direction':self.control.shoot_direction})

接下來開始檢測碰撞，檢測碰撞前需要在屏幕刷新當前的sprite，因為檢測膨脹是需要判斷該精靈是否在屏幕之上：

self.group.update(ticks)
self.group.draw(self.screen)

加下來創建一個循環：

#數組中已經創建的繼續移動
for s in self.shootobj:if s['obj']!=None:

這個循環遍歷子彈是否與某些物體發生碰撞，并且進行位置移動。首先編寫位置移動的內容：

SPEEDX=self.control.shoot_SPEEDX
SPEEDY=self.control.shoot_SPEEDY
if s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_UP:print('direction_UP...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=-SPEEDY
elif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_DOWN:print('direction_DOWN...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=+SPEEDY
elif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_LEFT:print('direction_LEFT...')SPEEDX=-SPEEDXSPEEDY=0
elif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_RIGHT:print('direction_RIGHT...')SPEEDX=SPEEDXSPEEDY=0
s['obj'].rect=s['obj'].rect[0]+SPEEDX,s['obj'].rect[1]+SPEEDY,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_height

判斷剛剛所記錄的方向，給予不同位置移動的坐標。
接著判斷是否發生碰撞：

if self.collisions!=[]:for index, v in enumerate(self.collisions):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.collisions[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.collisions[index].rect[2],self.collisions[index].rect[3]self.collisions[index].kill()

只要設置了 collisions 阻礙物，那么就遍歷阻礙物是否與子彈發生碰撞，如果發生膨脹首先將該物體移動到屏幕之外調用 kill() 方法對其進行銷毀。這樣就實現了子彈設計到物體，物體和子彈都同時消失。

最后判斷子彈和敵人是否發生碰撞，遍歷敵人：

if self.enemy_list!=[]:
for index, v in enumerate(self.enemy_list):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.enemy_list[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.enemy_list[index].rect[2],self.enemy_list[index].rect[3]self.enemy_list[index].kill()

實現方法與墻體類似。
最后在遍歷之外加一個設計關閉即可，因為按一次就發射一個子彈：

self.control.isShoot=False#創建完一個后又關閉

二、寫個精靈控制類

首先創建一個精靈控制類和初始化方法：

#精靈控制類            
class SpriteController():def __init__(self,sprite): self.sprite=spriteself.direction=Noneself.shoot_direction=1self.direction_UP=1self.direction_DOWN=2self.direction_LEFT=3self.direction_RIGHT=4self.shoot_SPEEDX=10self.shoot_SPEEDY=10self.isShoot=False

接著編寫精靈控制響應的方法：

#移動控制
def moveControl(self,event):stepX=self.sprite.speedXstepY=self.sprite.speedY#if self.isShoot!=True:if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:stepY=0stepX=stepXself.sprite.cframe=3self.shoot_direction=4elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:stepX=-stepXstepY=0self.sprite.cframe=2self.shoot_direction=3elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:stepY=-stepYstepX=0self.sprite.cframe=0self.shoot_direction=1elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:stepY=stepYstepX=0self.sprite.cframe=1self.shoot_direction=2elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:self.isShoot=True stepX,stepY=0,0 self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]+stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]+stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_heightif self.sprite.collisions!=[]:for v in self.sprite.collisions:result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)while result:#bug 墻壁反彈錯位unstepX,unstepY=stepX,stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]-stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]-stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")

moveControl 方法接收1個參數event，判斷按下鍵的內容，根據不同按鍵響應不同的移動參數，其他內容都是基礎內容，主要是對于阻礙物的阻礙效果：

if self.sprite.collisions!=[]:for v in self.sprite.collisions:result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)while result:#bug 墻壁反彈錯位unstepX,unstepY=stepX,stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]-stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]-stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")

遍歷后如果發生碰撞直接給予回退：

self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]-stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]-stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_height

三、敵人AI類

敵人類屬于 ESprite 類，首先創建一個類及初始化方法：

#敵人
class Enemy(ESprite):def __init__(self, screen, group=None):super().__init__(screen, group=group)self.screen=screenself.group=group#self.AIControl=SpriteController()self.movieStep=0self.stepY,self.stepX=0,10

movieStep 為默認自動運行次數，self.stepY,self.stepX=0,10 為默認行走值。

接下來編寫自動運行方法：

def autoMove(self,Size):self.group.update(ticks)self.group.draw(self.screen)if self.movieStep==0:random.seed(random.randint(0,100))d=random.randint(1,16)if d>0 and d<5:#上self.stepY=-10self.stepX=0elif d>4 and d<9:#下self.stepY=10self.stepX=0elif d>8 and d<13:#左self.stepX=-10self.stepY=0elif d>12 and d<17:#右self.stepX=10self.stepY=0self.movieStep=20if self.movieStep!=0:if (self.rect[0],self.rect[1])>(60,60) and (self.rect[0],self.rect[1]) < (Size[0]-60,Size[1]-60):self.rect=self.rect[0]+self.stepX,self.rect[1]+self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightself.movieStep-=1if self.collisions!=[]:for v in self.collisions:#self.group.update(ticks)#self.group.draw(self.screen)result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)while result:#bug 墻壁反彈錯位unstepX,unstepY=self.stepX,self.stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.rect=self.rect[0]-self.stepX,self.rect[1]-self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")

以上代碼中以下代碼表示該AI隨機上下左右：

if self.movieStep==0:random.seed(random.randint(0,100))d=random.randint(1,16)if d>0 and d<5:#上self.stepY=-10self.stepX=0elif d>4 and d<9:#下self.stepY=10self.stepX=0elif d>8 and d<13:#左self.stepX=-10self.stepY=0elif d>12 and d<17:#右self.stepX=10self.stepY=0self.movieStep=20
if self.movieStep!=0:if (self.rect[0],self.rect[1])>(60,60) and (self.rect[0],self.rect[1]) < (Size[0]-60,Size[1]-60):self.rect=self.rect[0]+self.stepX,self.rect[1]+self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightself.movieStep-=1

不同方向他有不同值對應，self.movieStep運行次數為0則重新置于20，若不等于0則自動運行，只需要設置對應的 rect 即可。

接著就是判斷是否碰到障礙物，實現與控制方法一致：

if self.collisions!=[]:for v in self.collisions:#self.group.update(ticks)#self.group.draw(self.screen)result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)while result:#bug 墻壁反彈錯位unstepX,unstepY=self.stepX,self.stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.rect=self.rect[0]-self.stepX,self.rect[1]-self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")

完整代碼

import pygame,random
from pygame.locals import *class MySprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self,screen,group=None):#target是屏幕pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)#self.target_surface = target#精靈渲染目標為屏幕self.screen=screenself.image = None#初始化圖片Noneself.main_image = None#主圖片self.rect = None#需要畫圖的區域self.rframe = 0 #圖片序列號 行self.cframe = 0 #圖片序列號 列self.old_frame = -1#老圖片序列號self.frame_width = 1#圖片寬self.frame_height = 1#圖片高self.cols = 1 #列self.rows = 1 #行self.last_time = 0 #上次更換時的總幀數，用于判斷更換幀self.X=0self.Y=0self.speedX=1self.speedY=1self.control=SpriteController(self)#控制初始化self.group=groupself.shootobj=[]self.upImg,self.downImg,self.leftImg,self.rightImg=None,None,None,Noneself.collisions=[]self.enemy_list=[]#添加不可觸碰體def setCollision(self,collision):self.collisions.append(collision)#加載用def load(self, filename, width, height,rows,cols,posx=100,posy=100):self.main_image = pygame.image.load(filename).convert_alpha()#加載主圖self.frame_width = width#寬高記錄self.frame_height = heightself.rect = [posx,posy,width,height]#繪制self.cols = colsself.rows = rows#每次圖片動態更新繪制區域 動畫播放def update(self, current_time, rate=60):#當前幀總數如果已經超過了最初的 last_time + 60，那么表示#已經超過了60幀，那么 frame 圖片序列號+1，開始下一張圖片if current_time > self.last_time + rate:self.rframe += 1 #圖片序列號+1  if self.rframe>self.cols-1:#大于圖片最大列就說明進行了一個循環，因為 self.frame 初始值是 0self.rframe=0self.last_time = current_time#每次更改圖片時就記錄更換后的幀if self.rframe != self.old_frame:#新老次序不一 表示更換frame#frame_x繪制矩形的位置x就等于圖片數*每個寬度得到x坐標值frame_x=self.rframe * self.frame_widthframe_y=self.cframe * self.frame_height#y值跟隨上下左右按鍵切換圖，圖片規定同一行一個動作# 不同按鍵對應上下左右# 繪制的區域使用 frame_width frame_height 代替rect = ( frame_x, frame_y, self.frame_width, self.frame_height )self.image = self.main_image.subsurface(rect)#選擇區域進行圖片提取self.old_frame = self.rframe#設置上下左右發射對象def setShootSprite(self,up,down,left,right,width,height,rows,cols):self.upImg=upself.downImg=downself.leftImg=leftself.rightImg=rightself.swidth=widthself.sheight=heightself.srows=rowsself.scols=cols#創建發射對象def shoot(self,upImg,downImg,leftImg,rightImg,width,height,rows,cols,pos,ticks=None,enemy_list=[]):self.enemy_list=enemy_listif self.control.isShoot==True:#創建發射物shootobj=MySprite(self.screen)self.group.add(shootobj)posx,posy=0,0sprite_img=''if self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_UP:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['up_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['up_y']sprite_img=upImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_DOWN:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['down_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['down_y']sprite_img=downImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_LEFT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['left_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['left_y']sprite_img=leftImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_RIGHT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['right_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['right_y']sprite_img=rightImgshootobj.load(sprite_img, width, height, rows, cols,posx=posx,posy=posy)self.shootobj.append({'obj':shootobj,'shoot_direction':self.control.shoot_direction})          print('SHOOT!!!!!!!!!!...')#print(self.shootobj.rect)print(len(self.shootobj))#加組后一定要刷新，不然會讀不到 surface.image 也就是沒有在頁面之上self.group.update(ticks)self.group.draw(self.screen)#數組中已經創建的繼續移動for s in self.shootobj:if s['obj']!=None:SPEEDX=self.control.shoot_SPEEDXSPEEDY=self.control.shoot_SPEEDYif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_UP:print('direction_UP...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=-SPEEDYelif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_DOWN:print('direction_DOWN...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=+SPEEDYelif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_LEFT:print('direction_LEFT...')SPEEDX=-SPEEDXSPEEDY=0elif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_RIGHT:print('direction_RIGHT...')SPEEDX=SPEEDXSPEEDY=0s['obj'].rect=s['obj'].rect[0]+SPEEDX,s['obj'].rect[1]+SPEEDY,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heightif self.collisions!=[]:for index, v in enumerate(self.collisions):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.collisions[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.collisions[index].rect[2],self.collisions[index].rect[3]self.collisions[index].kill()#s['obj']=False#s['obj']=Noneif self.enemy_list!=[]:for index, v in enumerate(self.enemy_list):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.enemy_list[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.enemy_list[index].rect[2],self.enemy_list[index].rect[3]self.enemy_list[index].kill()self.control.isShoot=False#創建完一個后又關閉#精靈控制類            
class SpriteController():def __init__(self,sprite): self.sprite=spriteself.direction=Noneself.shoot_direction=1self.direction_UP=1self.direction_DOWN=2self.direction_LEFT=3self.direction_RIGHT=4self.shoot_SPEEDX=10self.shoot_SPEEDY=10self.isShoot=False#移動控制def moveControl(self,event):stepX=self.sprite.speedXstepY=self.sprite.speedY#if self.isShoot!=True:if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:stepY=0stepX=stepXself.sprite.cframe=3self.shoot_direction=4elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:stepX=-stepXstepY=0self.sprite.cframe=2self.shoot_direction=3elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:stepY=-stepYstepX=0self.sprite.cframe=0self.shoot_direction=1elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:stepY=stepYstepX=0self.sprite.cframe=1self.shoot_direction=2elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:self.isShoot=True stepX,stepY=0,0 self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]+stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]+stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_heightif self.sprite.collisions!=[]:for v in self.sprite.collisions:result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)while result:#bug 墻壁反彈錯位unstepX,unstepY=stepX,stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]-stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]-stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")#敵人
class Enemy(MySprite):def __init__(self, screen, group=None):super().__init__(screen, group=group)self.screen=screenself.group=group#self.AIControl=SpriteController()self.movieStep=0self.stepY,self.stepX=0,10def autoMove(self,Size):self.group.update(ticks)self.group.draw(self.screen)if self.movieStep==0:random.seed(random.randint(0,100))d=random.randint(1,16)if d>0 and d<5:#上self.stepY=-10self.stepX=0elif d>4 and d<9:#下self.stepY=10self.stepX=0elif d>8 and d<13:#左self.stepX=-10self.stepY=0elif d>12 and d<17:#右self.stepX=10self.stepY=0self.movieStep=20if self.movieStep!=0:if (self.rect[0],self.rect[1])>(60,60) and (self.rect[0],self.rect[1]) < (Size[0]-60,Size[1]-60):self.rect=self.rect[0]+self.stepX,self.rect[1]+self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightself.movieStep-=1if self.collisions!=[]:for v in self.collisions:#self.group.update(ticks)#self.group.draw(self.screen)result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)while result:#bug 墻壁反彈錯位unstepX,unstepY=self.stepX,self.stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.rect=self.rect[0]-self.stepX,self.rect[1]-self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")map_srpirte=[['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],]
mapConf={'space':'-','w':"./tank/scene/brick.png",'height':12,'weight':20
}
#map_srpirteConf={['w',24,24,1,1]}
screenW=mapConf['weight']*34
screenH=mapConf['height']*48pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screenW,screenH))
group_wallt = pygame.sprite.Group()
pygame.key.set_repeat(10)
framerate = pygame.time.Clock()group_hero = pygame.sprite.Group()
enemy_hero = pygame.sprite.Group()
sprite_hero = MySprite(screen,group_hero)sprite_hero.load("./tank/playerTank/tank_T1_2.png",48, 48, 4, 2)
up="./tank/bullet/bullet_up.png"
down="./tank/bullet/bullet_down.png"
left="./tank/bullet/bullet_left.png"
right="./tank/bullet/bullet_right.png"
#sprite_hero.setShootSprite()
group_hero.add(sprite_hero)enemy_list=[]
for v in range(0,20):enemy = Enemy(screen,enemy_hero)enemy.load("./tank/enemyTank/enemy_1_0.png",48, 48, 4, 2)enemy_hero.add(enemy)enemy_list.append(enemy)posx,posy=0,0
wallet=[]
for rows in map_srpirte:for v in rows:posx+=24if v!=mapConf['space']:sprite_wallt = MySprite(screen,group_wallt)sprite_wallt.load(mapConf['w'],24, 24, 1, 1,posx,posy)group_wallt.add(sprite_wallt)sprite_hero.setCollision(sprite_wallt)enemy.setCollision(sprite_wallt)print(str(posx)+','+str(posy))posy+=24posx=0#sprite_wallt = MySprite(screen,group_wallt)
#sprite_wallt.load(mapConf['w'],24, 24, 1, 1,posx,posy)
#group_wallt.add(sprite_wallt)
#主循環
while True:print((screenW,screenH))framerate.tick(30)ticks = pygame.time.get_ticks()for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()exit()elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:print('key down ......')sprite_hero.control.moveControl(event)pos={'up_x':18,'up_y':-10,'down_x':18,'down_y':50,'left_x':-6,'left_y':16,'right_x':50,'right_y':18,}sprite_hero.shoot(up,down,left,right,12,12,1,1,pos,ticks,enemy_list)screen.fill((0,0,100))group_hero.update(ticks)group_hero.draw(screen)enemy_hero.update(ticks)enemy_hero.draw(screen)group_wallt.update(ticks)group_wallt.draw(screen)for v in enemy_list:v.autoMove((screenW,screenH))pygame.display.update()