什么是profile,為什么需要profile?
在開發時，不同環境（開發、聯調、預發、正式等）所需的配置不同導致，如果每改變一個環境就更改配置不但麻煩（修改代碼、重新構建）而且容易出錯。Spring提供了解決方案。
方法一：配置profile bean
@Configuration public class DataSourceConfig {//Spring 引入@Profile 制定某個bean屬于哪個profile//在方法級別上使用@Profile注解
@Bean@Profile("dev")public DataSource embeddedDataSource() {return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2).addScript("classpath:schema.sql").addScript("classpath:dev-data.sql").build();}@Bean@Profile("prod")public DataSource embeddedDataSourceDev() {return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2).addScript("classpath:schema.sql").addScript("classpath:prod-data.sql").build();} }
在同一個類的不同方法上使用@Profile注解與@Bean一起使用
方法二：在XML中配置bean
與方法一等價的方式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/jeehttp://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><beans profile="dev"><jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2"><jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" /><jdbc:script location="classpath:dev-data.sql" /></jdbc:embedded-database></beans><beans profile="prod"><jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2"><jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" /><jdbc:script location="classpath:prod-data.sql" /></jdbc:embedded-database></beans> </beans>
激活profile
Spring在確定哪個profile處于激活狀態時，需要依賴兩個獨立屬性：sping.profiles.active和spring.profiles.default。Spring提供了@ActiveProfiles用來指定運行測試時要激活哪個profile,如果沒有指定sping.profiles.active，會采用spring.profiles.default的默認值。
測試
package profiles;import static org.junit.Assert.*;import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.List;import javax.sql.DataSource;import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper; import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import com.myapp.DataSourceConfig;public class DataSourceConfigTest {@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration(classes=DataSourceConfig.class)@ActiveProfiles("dev")public static class DevDataSourceTest {@Autowiredprivate DataSource dataSource;@Testpublic void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {assertNotNull(dataSource);JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {@Overridepublic String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");}});assertEquals(1, results.size());assertEquals("1:A", results.get(0));}}@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration("classpath:datasource-config.xml")@ActiveProfiles("prod")public static class ProductionDataSourceTest_XMLConfig {@Autowiredprivate DataSource dataSource;@Testpublic void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {assertNotNull(dataSource);JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {@Overridepublic String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");}});assertEquals(1, results.size());assertEquals("1:B", results.get(0));}}}
代碼
地址
