在Linux上運行Windows軟件的4種以上方法

Linux has come a long way, but you may still need to run Windows applications occasionally – especially Windows-only PC games. Luckily, there are quite a few ways to run Windows applications on Linux.

Linux已經走了很長一段路，但是您可能仍然偶爾需要運行Windows應用程序-特別是僅Windows的PC游戲。幸運的是，有很多方法可以在Linux上運行Windows應用程序。

Of course, before you try to run an old Windows program, you should look or alternatives that run natively on Linux. You’ll have a better experience if you can find a decent alternative that runs without any fiddling.

當然，在嘗試運行舊的Windows程序之前，應先看一下本機或在Linux上本地運行的替代程序。如果您可以找到運行時沒有任何麻煩的不錯的替代產品，則將有更好的體驗。

使用酒 (Use Wine)

Wine is a compatibility layer that allows Windows applications to run on Linux. It’s basically an implementation of the Windows API on Linux. Of course, Microsoft doesn’t publish all the information we need to re-implement the Windows API from scratch, so Wine has to be reverse-engineered. While it works amazingly well given how little Microsoft has given us to worth with, it’s nowhere near perfect.

Wine是一個兼容性層，它允許Windows應用程序在Linux上運行。它基本上是Windows API在Linux上的實現。當然，Microsoft不會發布從頭開始重新實現Windows API所需的所有信息，因此必須對Wine進行逆向工程。盡管微軟提供給我們的東西很少，但它的工作效果卻非常出色，但還遠遠不夠完美。

To run an application in Wine, you can install Wine and use it to launch an installer’s .exe file. Before you do, you should take a look at the Wine Application Database website, which will tell you how well an application runs in Wine. Wine is frequently used for games, as games are the one type of software that can’t run in a virtual machine. While Wine can be used to run desktop applications like Photoshop and Microsoft Word, these will run flawlessly in a virtual machine (see below).

要在Wine中運行應用程序，您可以安裝Wine并使用它啟動安裝程序的.exe文件。在執行此操作之前，您應該先查看Wine應用程序數據庫網站，該網站將告訴您應用程序在Wine中的運行情況。 Wine通常用于游戲，因為游戲是無法在虛擬機中運行的一種軟件。盡管Wine可用于運行Photoshop和Microsoft Word等桌面應用程序，但它們將在虛擬機中完美運行(請參見下文)。

You can also try using an application like PlayOnLinux, which helps automate the process of installing supported games and other software in Wine.

您還可以嘗試使用PlayOnLinux之類的應用程序，該應用程序可以自動執行Wine中支持的游戲和其他軟件的安裝過程。

The Netflix Desktop app uses a patched version of Wine to run Netflix on Linux – Silverlight doesn’t work properly with the current version of Wine.

Netflix桌面應用程序使用修補程序的Wine來在Linux上運行Netflix – Silverlight無法在當前版本的Wine上正常工作。

在虛擬機中運行Windows (Run Windows in a Virtual Machine)

While Wine may have bugs or crashes when installing applications, a virtual machine will be able to run those desktop applications just fine. Install Windows in a virtual machine program like VirtualBox, VMware Player, or KVM and you’ll have Windows running in a window. You can install windows software in the virtual machine and run it on your Linux desktop.

盡管Wine在安裝應用程序時可能會出現錯誤或崩潰，但虛擬機將能夠很好地運行那些桌面應用程序。在諸如VirtualBox， VMware Player或KVM之類的虛擬機程序中安裝Windows，您將在窗口中運行Windows。您可以在虛擬機中安裝Windows軟件，然后在Linux桌面上運行它。

Virtual machines introduce some overhead, but with today’s fast CPUs, running many types of software in a virtual machine shouldn’t be a problem. This is especially true after you’ve tweaked those virtual machines for speed. This doesn’t apply to games – virtual machines don’t have very good 3D graphics support, so all but the oldest games will fail to run.

虛擬機會帶來一些開銷，但是使用當今快速的CPU，在虛擬機中運行多種類型的軟件應該不是問題。在調整了這些虛擬機的速度之后，尤其如此。這不適用于游戲-虛擬機沒有很好的3D圖形支持，因此，除了最舊的游戲以外的所有游戲都將無法運行。

To integrate the Windows applications with your desktop, you can use VirtualBox’s seamless mode or VMware’s Unity mode. The applications will still be running in a virtual machine, but their windows will appear seamlessly on your desktop, as if they were running on Linux.

要將Windows應用程序與桌面集成在一起，可以使用VirtualBox的無縫模式或VMware的Unity模式。這些應用程序仍將在虛擬機中運行，但是它們的窗口將無縫顯示在桌面上，就像它們在Linux上運行一樣。

嘗試CrossOver (Try CrossOver)

If Wine seems like too much of a pain, you may want to try CrossOver Linux. CrossOver is a commercial product so it will cost you money, although CodeWeavers offer a free trial. CrossOver essentially takes the Wine software and packages it so that it’s guaranteed to work properly with popular applications like Photoshop, Office, and even popular games. CodeWeavers provides commercial support for these supported programs, so you have someone to turn to if something breaks.

如果Wine似乎太痛苦了，您可以嘗試使用CrossOver Linux 。 CrossOver是一種商業產品，因此盡管CodeWeavers提供免費試用版，但仍會花費您金錢。 CrossOver本質上采用了Wine軟件并將其打包，從而保證可以與流行的應用程序(例如Photoshop，Office甚至流行的游戲)正常工作。 CodeWeavers為這些受支持的程序提供商業支持，因此如果出現問題，您可以尋求幫助。

This option isn’t for everyone – often you can run the same applications by using Wine – but if you’re just interested in running a few popular applications on your Linux desktop and paying someone else to do the tweaking for you, CrossOver may be your ticket. CrossOver also sends their patches back to the Wine project, so the money you pay helps fund open-source Wine development.

這個選項并不適合每個人-通常您可以使用Wine來運行相同的應用程序-但是，如果您只想在Linux桌面上運行一些流行的應用程序并花錢讓別人來為您做調整，CrossOver可能會您的票。 CrossOver還將其補丁發送回Wine項目，因此您支付的資金有助于資助開源Wine開發。

As with Wine, CrossOver won’t work perfectly with everything. Like with Wine, CodeWeavers has a compatibility database website.

與Wine一樣，CrossOver不能與所有功能完美配合。與Wine一樣， CodeWeavers擁有一個兼容性數據庫網站。

使用遠程桌面 (Use a Remote Desktop)

If you have access to a remote Windows system, you may want to try running your applications on the remote Windows system and using remote desktop on your Linux system to access them. The applications will be running remotely on a real Windows system, so they should work properly.

如果您有權訪問遠程Windows系統，則可能要嘗試在遠程Windows系統上運行應用程序，并使用Linux系統上的遠程桌面來訪問它們。這些應用程序將在真實的Windows系統上遠程運行，因此它們應該可以正常運行。

Many Linux desktops include software for accessing remote Windows desktops already. If not, you can install the rdesktop package.

許多Linux桌面已經包含用于訪問遠程Windows桌面的軟件。如果沒有，您可以安裝rdesktop軟件包。

當其他所有方法均失敗時：雙啟動 (When All Else Fails: Dual Boot)

You can’t run every Windows program on Linux – when a big new PC game comes out, it will often be quite some time until it runs properly in Wine. While Steam on Linux and rumored Linux support from Blizzard may change this in the future, games are the one category of app that have the most issues on Linux – although many older games work perfectly.

您不能在Linux上運行每個Windows程序-當一款大型PC游戲問世時，通常要花很多時間才能在Wine中正常運行。雖然Linux上的Steam和暴雪提供Linux支持可能會在將來改變這種情況，但游戲是Linux上問題最多的一類應用程序-盡管許多較舊的游戲都能完美運行。

Instead of giving up on Windows entirely, consider keeping it around in a dual-boot configuration. When you want to play a new game that doesn’t work properly on Linux, restart into your Windows system.

與其完全放棄Windows，不如考慮將其保留在雙引導配置中。如果您想玩在Linux上無法正常運行的新游戲，請重新啟動Windows系統。