相機模擬光圈
Aperture, along with shutter speed and ISO, is one of the three most important settings you control when you take a photo. It affects both the amount of light that hits your camera sensor and the depth of field of your images. Let’s look at how to pick the right aperture for a given image.
光圈，以及快門速度和ISO感光度，是您在拍照時控制的三個最重要的設置之一。 它會影響入射到相機傳感器的光量以及圖像的景深。 讓我們看一下如何為給定圖像選擇合適的光圈。
寬光圈：f / 1.2-f / 2.8 (Wide Apertures: f/1.2-f/2.8)
Any aperture wider than f/2.8 is really wide. Most fast prime lenses?have an aperture of f/1.8, although some have an aperture of f/1.4 or even f/1.2. A very small handful of rare lenses have even wider apertures like f/0.95!
任何比f / 2.8寬的光圈都非常寬。 大多數快速定焦鏡頭的光圈為f / 1.8，盡管有些鏡頭的光圈為f / 1.4甚至f / 1.2。 極少數稀有鏡頭的光圈甚至更大，例如f / 0.95！
These wide apertures have two main uses: to let in a lot of light for night sky photography and to create a shallow depth of field for portraits.
這些大光圈有兩個主要用途：允許大量光線用于夜空攝影，并為人像創建淺景深。
Which use you’re going for really depends on your lens. A wide angle wide aperture lens is much more suited to astrophotography while a fast telephoto lens will take great portraits.
您要使用哪種用途確實取決于您的鏡頭。 廣角大光圈鏡頭更適合天文攝影，而快速遠攝鏡頭則可以拍攝人像。
中等光圈：f / 2.8-f / 5.6 (Mid-Wide Apertures: f/2.8-f/5.6)
Apertures between f/2.8 and f/5.6 are still pretty wide. They’re the widest apertures of a lot of zoom lenses. For example, the Canon 18-55mm kit lens’s widest aperture is f/3.5 when it’s at 18mm and f/5.6 when it’s at 55mm.
f / 2.8和f / 5.6之間的光圈仍然很寬。 它們是許多變焦鏡頭中最大的光圈。 例如，佳能18-55mm套裝鏡頭的最大光圈在18mm時為f / 3.5，在55mm時為f / 5.6。
The two times you’ll use an aperture in this range are when you want to use the maximum aperture of a zoom lens (either to get a shallow depth of field or shoot at night) or you’re deliberately stopping down a faster lens to get more depth of field and a slightly sharper image. Fast f/1.8 prime lenses normally take better quality images—at least from a technical standpoint—at f/2.8.
兩次使用此范圍內的光圈是當您要使用變焦鏡頭的最大光圈時(要獲得較淺的景深或在夜間拍攝)，或者是故意停下一個更快的鏡頭以獲得更大的景深和更清晰的圖像。 快速的f / 1.8定焦鏡頭通常至少在技術上可以f / 2.8拍攝更高質量的圖像。
中光圈：f / 5.6-f / 11 (Mid Apertures: f/5.6-f/11)
There’s an old photojournalist maxim: “f/8 and be there.” It means that if you set your?lens to f/8, you’ll get an image that works for a newspaper in almost all situations. The depth of field is wide enough that pretty much everything in the foreground and mid-ground will be in focus, while still giving you a fast enough shutter speed that nothing gets blurry. It’s why I recommend f/8 for street photography.
攝影記者有一個古老的格言：“ f / 8并在那里。” 這意味著，如果將鏡頭設置為f / 8，您將獲得在幾乎所有情況下都適用于報紙的圖像。 景深足夠寬，幾乎可以對前景和中景中的所有事物進行對焦，同時仍然可以使您獲得足夠快的快門速度，而不會出現任何模糊現象。 這就是為什么我推薦f / 8用于街頭攝影的原因。
The focal lengths between f/5.6 and f/11 are all in that sort of category. Unless you’re using a long telephoto lens, they’re narrow enough to give you a deep depth of field while letting you shoot your camera handheld in most lighting conditions. If you need a slightly faster shutter speed, go with something closer to f/5.6; if you want to be sure most things will be in focus, go with something nearer f/11.
f / 5.6和f / 11之間的焦距都屬于此類。 除非您使用長焦鏡頭，否則它們的狹窄程度足以使您獲得更深的景深，同時又可以讓您在大多數照明條件下手持拍攝相機。 如果您需要稍快的快門速度，請選擇接近f / 5.6的光圈； 如果您想確保大多數事情都可以聚焦，可以選擇f / 11附近的值。
If you’re not sure what aperture to use, between f/5.6 and f/8 should be your default.
如果不確定使用哪個光圈，則應將f / 5.6和f / 8設置為默認值。
中窄光圈：f / 11-f / 18 (Mid-Narrow Apertures: f/11-f/18)
Between f/11 and f/18 you have the main narrow apertures. At this range, pretty much everything will be in sharp focus (unless you’re shooting extremely close subjects). It’s also the range where most lenses perform their best optically. They will be at their sharpest across the frame without too much vignetting, distortion, or chromatic aberration.
在f / 11和f / 18之間，您有主要的狹窄光圈。 在此范圍內，幾乎所有事物都會清晰對焦(除非您要拍攝非常近的被攝對象)。 這也是大多數鏡頭在光學方面表現最佳的范圍。 它們將在整個畫面上保持最清晰的狀態，而不會出現漸暈，畸變或色差。
So, the uses for this range should be pretty clear: you use something between f/11 and f/18 when you want to maximize image quality and depth of field. They’re popular for landscape photographs. Depending on the lighting situation, you may need to use a tripod to get a good image.
因此，此范圍的用途應該非常清楚：當您要最大程度地提高圖像質量和景深時，請使用介于f / 11和f / 18之間的值。 它們在風景照中很受歡迎。 根據照明情況，您可能需要使用三腳架才能獲得良好的圖像。
窄光圈：f / 18-f / 32 (Narrow Apertures: f/18-f/32)
You should generally avoid using any aperture from f/18 to the minimum aperture of your lens—f/22 for most lenses, though, in the case of some zoom lenses, it can be around f/32.
通常應該避免使用從f / 18到鏡頭的最小光圈的任何光圈-大多數鏡頭為f / 22，盡管在某些變焦鏡頭的情況下，光圈可以在f / 32左右。
The reasons are pretty simple: although the narrowest apertures give you a slightly greater depth of field than f/16, they do so at the expense of image quality throughout the image. Unless you need maximum depth of field for some reason, you’re better off just going with f/16.
原因很簡單：盡管最窄的光圈使您的景深比f / 16略大，但這樣做卻以犧牲整個圖像的圖像質量為代價。 除非出于某種原因需要最大景深，否則最好還是選擇f / 16。
You might also be tempted to go with a really narrow aperture for long exposure images, but really, you should invest in a neutral density filter. It will give you a lot more flexibility with what aperture you use and, as a result, better looking and more creative images.
您也可能會選擇使用非常窄的光圈來獲得長時間曝光的圖像，但實際上，您應該投資購買中性密度濾鏡。 使用哪種光圈，將為您提供更大的靈活性，從而使圖像看起來更好，更具創意。
Aperture controls both the depth of field and how much light hits the sensor. How much of your frame you want in focus and how fast a shutter speed you need should be your two concerns when picking an aperture.
光圈控制景深和照射到傳感器的光量。 選擇光圈時，您需要關注的重點是對焦多少幀以及所需的快門速度有多快。
翻譯自: https://www.howtogeek.com/370006/what-aperture-should-i-use-with-my-camera/
相機模擬光圈
