基于SSL的mysql(MariaDB)主從復制

一、前言

? ?備份數據庫是生產環境中的首要任務，重中之重，有時候不得不通過網絡進行數據庫的復制，這樣就需要保證數據在網絡傳輸過程中的安全性，因此使用基于SSL的復制會大加強數據的安全性

二、準備工作

1、主從服務器時間同步

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[root@master ~]# crontab -e
*/30?* * * *?/usr/sbin/ntpdate?172.16.0.1 &>/dev/null

2、mysql說明

（1）主服務器

? ?hostname:master ? ?IP：172.16.7.202

（2）從服務器

? ?hostname:slave ? ? IP：172.16.7.250

（3）數據目錄

? ?/mydata/data

（4）二進制日志目錄

? ?/mydata/binlogs

（5）中繼日志目錄

? ?/mydata/relaylogs

三、SSL主從同步的實現

1、master（172.16.7.202）安裝后配置文件

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thread_concurrency = 4
datadir =?/mydata/data????#數據目錄
log-bin=/mydata/binlogs/master-bin
relay-log=/mydata/relaylogs/relay
sync_binlog = 1????#設定每1秒鐘同步一次緩沖中的數據到日志文件中
binlog_format=mixed????#二進制日志格式為混合模式
server-id???????= 1???????#主服務器的server-id=1,從的等于2
#
#
#slave（172.16.7.250）同master

2、將master（172.16.7.202）做為CA服務器

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[root@master ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA
[root@master CA]#
[root@master CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
..........................................+++
..................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@master CA]#
[root@master CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 36500
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter?'.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:sina
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:mysql
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's?hostname) []:master.sina.com
Email Address []:
[root@master CA]# touch index.txt serial crlnumber
[root@master CA]# echo 01 > serial

3、為master（172.16.7.202）簽發證書

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[root@master CA]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/ssl
[root@master CA]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ssl
[root@master ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out master.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
..........+++
............................................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@master ssl]#
[root@master ssl]# openssl req -new -key master.key -out master.csr -days 36500
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter?'.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:sina
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:mysql
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's?hostname) []:master.sina.com
Email Address []:
Please enter the following?'extra'?attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@master ssl]#
[root@master ssl]# openssl ca -in master.csr -out master.crt -days 36500
Using configuration from?/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
????????Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
????????Validity
????????????Not Before: May? 3 13:34:58 2014 GMT
????????????Not After : Apr? 9 13:34:58 2114 GMT
????????Subject:
????????????countryName?????????????? = CN
????????????stateOrProvinceName?????? = Beijing
????????????organizationName????????? = sina
????????????organizationalUnitName??? = mysql
????????????commonName??????????????? = master.sina.com
????????X509v3 extensions:
????????????X509v3 Basic Constraints:
????????????????CA:FALSE
????????????Netscape Comment:
????????????????OpenSSL Generated Certificate
????????????X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
????????????????62:EF:37:1D:96:FF:8A:89:47:09:2D:93:74:42:14:BF:8E:AC:51:49
????????????X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
????????????????keyid:6B:73:D6:FE:81:13:2C:0E:EC:61:EE:F7:6F:92:91:6D:82:37:A0:11
Certificate is to be certified?until?Apr? 9 13:34:58 2114 GMT (36500 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

4、slave生成證書申請請求

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[root@slave ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/ssl
[root@slave ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ssl
[root@slave ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out slave.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.....................................................+++
........................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@slave ssl]#
[root@slave ssl]# openssl req -new -key slave.key -out slave.csr -days 36500
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter?'.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:sina
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:mysql
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's?hostname) []:slave.sina.com
Email Address []:
Please enter the following?'extra'?attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@slave ssl]#
[root@slave ssl]#
[root@slave ssl]# scp slave.csr root@172.16.7.202:/root

5、為slave（172.16.7.250）簽發證書

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[root@master ~]# openssl ca -in slave.csr -out slave.crt -days 36500
Using configuration from?/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
????????Serial Number: 2 (0x2)
????????Validity
????????????Not Before: May? 3 13:43:28 2014 GMT
????????????Not After : Apr? 9 13:43:28 2114 GMT
????????Subject:
????????????countryName?????????????? = CN
????????????stateOrProvinceName?????? = Beijing
????????????organizationName????????? = sina
????????????organizationalUnitName??? = mysql
????????????commonName??????????????? = slave.sina.com
????????X509v3 extensions:
????????????X509v3 Basic Constraints:
????????????????CA:FALSE
????????????Netscape Comment:
????????????????OpenSSL Generated Certificate
????????????X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
????????????????20:CB:55:9C:D0:7A:F0:25:70:AC:84:2B:8E:F4:24:FB:1F:51:48:9D
????????????X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
????????????????keyid:6B:73:D6:FE:81:13:2C:0E:EC:61:EE:F7:6F:92:91:6D:82:37:A0:11
Certificate is to be certified?until?Apr? 9 13:43:28 2114 GMT (36500 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# scp slave.crt root@172.16.7.250:/usr/local/mysql/ssl/

6、為master及slave提供CA的證書

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[root@master ~]# cp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem /usr/local/mysql/ssl/
[root@master ~]# scp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem root@172.16.7.250:/usr/local/mysql/ssl/

7、修改master和slave的屬主、屬組為"mysql"

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[root@master ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ssl/
[root@master ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/ssl/
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1330 May? 3 21:48 cacert.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 4465 May? 3 21:35 master.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1009 May? 3 21:33 master.csr
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 May? 3 21:32 master.key
###
###
[root@slave ssl]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ssl/
[root@slave ssl]# ll /usr/local/mysql/ssl/
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1330 May? 3 21:49 cacert.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 4460 May? 3 21:44 slave.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1005 May? 3 21:40 slave.csr
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1679 May? 3 21:38 slave.key

8、修改mysql配置文件開啟SSL加密功能

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[root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
ssl
ssl_ca =?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem
ssl_key =?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key
ssl_cert =?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.crt
[root@master ~]# service mysqld restart
#
#
[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
ssl
ssl_ca =?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem
ssl_key =?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.key
ssl_cert =?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.crt
[root@slave ~]# service mysqld restart

9、在master上驗證SSL加密功能開啟并創建基于密鑰認證用戶

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[root@master ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like?'%ssl%';
+---------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value?????????????????????????? |
+---------------+---------------------------------+
| have_openssl? | NO????????????????????????????? |
| have_ssl????? | YES???????????????????????????? |
| ssl_ca??????? |?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem |
| ssl_capath??? |???????????????????????????????? |
| ssl_cert????? |?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.crt |
| ssl_cipher??? |???????????????????????????????? |
| ssl_crl?????? |???????????????????????????????? |
| ssl_crlpath?? |???????????????????????????????? |
| ssl_key?????? |?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key |
+---------------+---------------------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to?'repluser'@'172.16.%.%'?identified by?'repluser'?require ssl;
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

10、查看master狀態信息

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MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File????????????? | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000002 |????? 652 |????????????? |????????????????? |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

11、驗證slave開啟SSL加密功能

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[root@slave ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like?'%ssl%';
+---------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value?????????????????????????? |
+---------------+---------------------------------+
| have_openssl? | NO????????????????????????????? |
| have_ssl????? | YES???????????????????????????? |
| ssl_ca??????? |?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem |
| ssl_capath??? |???????????????????????????????? |
| ssl_cert????? |?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.crt? |
| ssl_cipher??? |???????????????????????????????? |
| ssl_crl?????? |???????????????????????????????? |
| ssl_crlpath?? |???????????????????????????????? |
| ssl_key?????? |?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.key? |
+---------------+---------------------------------+

12、slave連接master

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MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.16.7.202',master_user='repluser',master_password='repluser',master_log_file='master-bin.000002',master_log_pos=652,master_ssl=1,master_ssl_ca='/usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem',master_ssl_cert='/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.crt',master_ssl_key='/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.key';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
???????????????Slave_IO_State: Waiting?for?master to send event
??????????????????Master_Host: 172.16.7.202
??????????????????Master_User: repluser
??????????????????Master_Port: 3306
????????????????Connect_Retry: 60
??????????????Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos: 652
???????????????Relay_Log_File: relay.000002
????????????????Relay_Log_Pos: 536
????????Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
?????????????Slave_IO_Running: Yes
????????????Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
??????????????Replicate_Do_DB:
??????????Replicate_Ignore_DB:
???????????Replicate_Do_Table:
???????Replicate_Ignore_Table:
??????Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
??Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
???????????????????Last_Errno: 0
???????????????????Last_Error:
?????????????????Skip_Counter: 0
??????????Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 652
??????????????Relay_Log_Space: 823
??????????????Until_Condition: None
???????????????Until_Log_File:
????????????????Until_Log_Pos: 0
???????????Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes
???????????Master_SSL_CA_File:?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem
???????????Master_SSL_CA_Path:
??????????????Master_SSL_Cert:?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.crt
????????????Master_SSL_Cipher:
???????????????Master_SSL_Key:?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.key
????????Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
????????????????Last_IO_Errno: 0
????????????????Last_IO_Error:
???????????????Last_SQL_Errno: 0
???????????????Last_SQL_Error:
??Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
?????????????Master_Server_Id: 1
???????????????Master_SSL_Crl:?/usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem
???????????Master_SSL_Crlpath:
???????????????????Using_Gtid: No
??????????????????Gtid_IO_Pos:
1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec)

四、同步驗證

1、在master上新建數據庫hlbrc

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MariaDB [(none)]> create database hlbrc;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database?????????? |
+--------------------+
| hlbrc????????????? |
| information_schema |
| mysql????????????? |
| performance_schema |
|?test???????????????|
+--------------------+

2、在slave上驗證

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MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database?????????? |
+--------------------+
| hlbrc????????????? |
| information_schema |
| mysql????????????? |
| performance_schema |
|?test???????????????|
+--------------------+









本文轉自 nmshuishui 51CTO博客，原文鏈接：http://blog.51cto.com/nmshuishui/1405856，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者

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