中文詞頻統計與詞云生成

本次作業來源于：https://edu.cnblogs.com/campus/gzcc/GZCC-16SE1/homework/2822

中文詞頻統計

1. 下載一長篇中文小說。

　　下載長篇小說《西游記》

　　本次作業小說保存在txt文檔：xyj.txt

2. 從文件讀取待分析文本。

xyj = open(r'F:/xyj.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').read()
wordsls = jieba.lcut(xyj)

3. 安裝并使用jieba進行中文分詞。

pip install jieba

import jieba

jieba.lcut(text)

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4. 更新詞庫，加入所分析對象的專業詞匯。

jieba.add_word('天罡北斗陣')? #逐個添加

jieba.load_userdict(word_dict)? #詞庫文本文件

jieba.add_word('美猴王')

參考詞庫下載地址：https://pinyin.sogou.com/dict/

轉換代碼：scel_to_text

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import struct
import os# 拼音表偏移，
startPy = 0x1540;# 漢語詞組表偏移
startChinese = 0x2628;# 全局拼音表
GPy_Table = {}# 解析結果
# 元組(詞頻,拼音,中文詞組)的列表# 原始字節碼轉為字符串
def byte2str(data):pos = 0str = ''while pos < len(data):c = chr(struct.unpack('H', bytes([data[pos], data[pos + 1]]))[0])if c != chr(0):str += cpos += 2return str# 獲取拼音表
def getPyTable(data):data = data[4:]pos = 0while pos < len(data):index = struct.unpack('H', bytes([data[pos],data[pos + 1]]))[0]pos += 2lenPy = struct.unpack('H', bytes([data[pos], data[pos + 1]]))[0]pos += 2py = byte2str(data[pos:pos + lenPy])GPy_Table[index] = pypos += lenPy# 獲取一個詞組的拼音
def getWordPy(data):pos = 0ret = ''while pos < len(data):index = struct.unpack('H', bytes([data[pos], data[pos + 1]]))[0]ret += GPy_Table[index]pos += 2return ret# 讀取中文表
def getChinese(data):GTable = []pos = 0while pos < len(data):# 同音詞數量same = struct.unpack('H', bytes([data[pos], data[pos + 1]]))[0]# 拼音索引表長度pos += 2py_table_len = struct.unpack('H', bytes([data[pos], data[pos + 1]]))[0]# 拼音索引表pos += 2py = getWordPy(data[pos: pos + py_table_len])# 中文詞組pos += py_table_lenfor i in range(same):# 中文詞組長度c_len = struct.unpack('H', bytes([data[pos], data[pos + 1]]))[0]# 中文詞組pos += 2word = byte2str(data[pos: pos + c_len])# 擴展數據長度pos += c_lenext_len = struct.unpack('H', bytes([data[pos], data[pos + 1]]))[0]# 詞頻pos += 2count = struct.unpack('H', bytes([data[pos], data[pos + 1]]))[0]# 保存
            GTable.append((count, py, word))# 到下個詞的偏移位置pos += ext_lenreturn GTabledef scel2txt(file_name):print('-' * 60)with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:data = f.read()print("詞庫名：", byte2str(data[0x130:0x338])) # .encode('GB18030')print("詞庫類型：", byte2str(data[0x338:0x540]))print("描述信息：", byte2str(data[0x540:0xd40]))print("詞庫示例：", byte2str(data[0xd40:startPy]))getPyTable(data[startPy:startChinese])getChinese(data[startChinese:])return getChinese(data[startChinese:])if __name__ == '__main__':# scel所在文件夾路徑in_path = r"F:\text"   #修改為你的詞庫文件存放文件夾# 輸出詞典所在文件夾路徑out_path = r"F:\text"  # 轉換之后文件存放文件夾fin = [fname for fname in os.listdir(in_path) if fname[-5:] == ".scel"]for f in fin:try:for word in scel2txt(os.path.join(in_path, f)):file_path=(os.path.join(out_path, str(f).split('.')[0] + '.txt'))# 保存結果with open(file_path,'a+',encoding='utf-8')as file:file.write(word[2] + '\n')os.remove(os.path.join(in_path, f))except Exception as e:print(e)pass

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5. 生成詞頻統計

wcdict = {}
for word in tokens:if len(word)==1:continueelse:wcdict[word] = wcdict.get(word,0)+1

6. 排序

wcls = list(wcdict.items())
wcls.sort(key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)

for i in range(20):print(wcls[i])

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7. 排除語法型詞匯，代詞、冠詞、連詞等停用詞。

stops

tt = open(r'F:/stops_chinese.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').read()
stops = tt.split()

? ? ? ·排除

wordsls = jieba.lcut(xyj)
tokens = [token for token in wordsls if token not in stops]

8. 輸出詞頻最大TOP20，把結果存放到文件里

import jieba
xyj = open(r'F:/xyj.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').read()
tt = open(r'F:/stops_chinese.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').read()
stops = tt.split() 
#jieba.load_userdict(r'F:\text/xyj.txt')

wordsls = jieba.lcut(xyj)
tokens = [token for token in wordsls if token not in stops]
print(len(wordsls),len(tokens))
wcdict = {}
for word in tokens:if len(word)==1:continueelse:wcdict[word] = wcdict.get(word,0)+1
wcls = list(wcdict.items())
wcls.sort(key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)
for i in range(20):print(wcls[i])

9. 生成詞云。

（1）詞云安裝

顯示詞云：

cut_text = " ".join(tokens)
from wordcloud import WordCloud
ciyun = WordCloud().generate(cut_text)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.imshow(ciyun)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

保存詞云圖片

ciyun.to_file(r'F:\xyj.jpg')

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改變詞云長度和寬度，背景顏色

ciyun = WordCloud(background_color = '#00ff00',width=400,height=300,margin = 1).generate(cut_text)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.imshow(ciyun)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

改變詞云形狀

from scipy.misc import imread
im = imread(r'F:/1.jpg')
ciyun1 = WordCloud(background_color = '#0000FF',mask = im,margin = 2).generate(cut_text)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.imshow(ciyun1)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

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