單例模式.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
#include <vector>
#include <atomic>
using namespace std;// 懶漢式，未釋放
namespace ns1
{class GameConfig{static GameConfig *m_instance1; // 指向本類對象的指針// static mutex m_mutex;// static shared_ptr<GameConfig> GameConfig::m_instance3;private:GameConfig(){};GameConfig(const GameConfig &tmpobj);GameConfig &operator=(const GameConfig &tmpobj);~GameConfig(){};public:static GameConfig *getInstance1(){// lock_guard<mutex> l(m_mutex);if (m_instance1 == nullptr)m_instance1 = new GameConfig();return m_instance1;}static GameConfig *getInstance2(){static GameConfig m_instance2;return &m_instance2;}/*static shared_ptr<GameConfig> getInstance3(){if (m_instance3 == nullptr)m_instance3 = make_shared<GameConfig>();return m_instance3;}*//*static shared_ptr<GameConfig> getInstance4(){static shared_ptr<GameConfig> m_instance4(new GameConfig());return m_instance4;}*/};GameConfig *GameConfig::m_instance1 = nullptr;// mutex GameConfig::m_mutex;// shared_ptr<GameConfig> GameConfig::m_instance3 = nullptr;
}// 懶漢式，嵌套類釋放
namespace ns2
{class GameConfig{static GameConfig *m_instance;// static mutex m_mutex;private:GameConfig(){};GameConfig(const GameConfig &tmpobj);GameConfig &operator=(const GameConfig &tmpobj);~GameConfig(){};public:static GameConfig *getInstance(){// lock_guard<mutex> gcguard(m_mutex);if (m_instance == nullptr){// 這里再加鎖// lock_guard<mutex> gcguard(m_mutex);// if (m_instance == nullptr)//{m_instance = new GameConfig();static Garbo garboobj;//}}return m_instance;}public:static void freeInstance() // 要手工調用才能釋放內存{if (GameConfig::m_instance != nullptr){delete GameConfig::m_instance;GameConfig::m_instance = nullptr;}}private:class Garbo // 手工釋放單件類對象引入的GameConfig類中的嵌套類（垃圾回收）{public:~Garbo() { GameConfig::freeInstance(); }};};GameConfig *GameConfig::m_instance = nullptr;// mutex GameConfig::m_mutex;
}// 懶漢式，加鎖+嵌套類釋放
namespace ns3
{class GameConfig{static atomic<GameConfig *> m_instance;static mutex m_mutex;private:GameConfig(){};GameConfig(const GameConfig &tmpobj);GameConfig &operator=(const GameConfig &tmpobj);~GameConfig(){};public:static GameConfig *getInstance(){GameConfig *tmp = m_instance.load(memory_order_relaxed);atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_acquire);if (tmp == nullptr){lock_guard<mutex> lock(m_mutex);tmp = m_instance.load(memory_order_relaxed);if (tmp == nullptr){tmp = new GameConfig();static Garbo garboobj;atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_release);m_instance.store(tmp, memory_order_relaxed);}}return tmp;}private:class Garbo // 手工釋放單件類對象引入的GameConfig類中的嵌套類（垃圾回收）{public:~Garbo(){if (GameConfig::m_instance != nullptr){delete GameConfig::m_instance;GameConfig::m_instance = nullptr;}}};};atomic<GameConfig *> GameConfig::m_instance;mutex GameConfig::m_mutex;
}// 餓漢式，嵌套類釋放
namespace ns4
{class GameConfig{static GameConfig *m_instance;private:GameConfig(){};GameConfig(const GameConfig &tmpobj);GameConfig &operator=(const GameConfig &tmpobj);~GameConfig(){};public:static GameConfig *getInstance() { return m_instance; }private:class Garbo // 手工釋放單件類對象引入的GameConfig類中的嵌套類（垃圾回收）{public:~Garbo(){if (GameConfig::m_instance != nullptr){delete GameConfig::m_instance;GameConfig::m_instance = nullptr;}}};private:static Garbo garboobj;};GameConfig *GameConfig::m_instance = new GameConfig(); // 趁靜態成員變量定義的時機直接初始化是被允許的，即便GameConfig構造函數用private修飾GameConfig::Garbo GameConfig::garboobj;
}// 餓漢式
namespace ns5
{class GameConfig2{static GameConfig2 m_instance;private:GameConfig2(){};GameConfig2(const GameConfig2 &tmpobj);GameConfig2 &operator=(const GameConfig2 &tmpobj);~GameConfig2(){};public:static GameConfig2 *getInstance() { return &m_instance; }};GameConfig2 GameConfig2::m_instance;class GameConfig{private:GameConfig(){};GameConfig(const GameConfig &tmpobj);GameConfig &operator=(const GameConfig &tmpobj);~GameConfig(){};public:static GameConfig &getInstance(){static GameConfig instance;return instance;}};int myfunc(){static int stcs = 100; // 不需要調用myfunc函數，stcs就已經等于100了stcs += 180;return stcs;}
}// 餓漢式
namespace ns111
{// 餓漢模式class CSingleton{CSingleton() {}~CSingleton() {}public:static CSingleton *GetInstance(){static CSingleton instance;return &instance;}};// 餓漢模式2class CSingleton2{static CSingleton2 *instance;CSingleton2() {}~CSingleton2() {}public:static CSingleton2 *GetInstance(){return instance;}};CSingleton2 *CSingleton2::instance = new CSingleton2();// 餓漢模式3，智能指針class CSingleton3{static shared_ptr<CSingleton3> instance;CSingleton3() {}~CSingleton3() {}public:static shared_ptr<CSingleton3> GetInstance(){return instance;}static void destoryInstance(CSingleton3 *x){delete x;}};shared_ptr<CSingleton3> CSingleton3::instance(new CSingleton3(), destoryInstance);// 餓漢模式4，靜態嵌套類class CSingleton4{static CSingleton4 *instance;class Deleter{public:~Deleter(){if (instance != nullptr){delete instance;instance = nullptr;}}};static Deleter m_deleter;CSingleton4() {}~CSingleton4() {}public:static CSingleton4 *GetInstance() { return instance; }};CSingleton4 *CSingleton4::instance = new CSingleton4();CSingleton4::Deleter CSingleton4::m_deleter;
}namespace ns222
{// 懶漢模式1class Singleton1{static Singleton1 *instance;Singleton1() {}~Singleton1() {}public:static Singleton1 *getInstance(){if (instance == nullptr)instance = new Singleton1();return instance;}};Singleton1 *Singleton1::instance = nullptr;// 懶漢模式2class Singleton2{static Singleton2 *m_instance;static mutex mtx;Singleton2() {}~Singleton2() {}public:Singleton2(const Singleton2 &) = delete;Singleton2 &operator=(const Singleton2 &) = delete;public:static Singleton2 *getInstance(){if (NULL == m_instance){unique_lock<mutex> lock(mtx);if (NULL == m_instance)m_instance = new Singleton2();}return m_instance;}};Singleton2 *Singleton2::m_instance = nullptr;mutex Singleton2::mtx;// 懶漢模式3，智能指針class Singleton3{static shared_ptr<Singleton3> m_instance;static mutex mtx;Singleton3() {}~Singleton3() {}public:Singleton3(const Singleton3 &) = delete;Singleton3(Singleton3 &&) = delete;Singleton3 &operator=(const Singleton3 &) = delete;Singleton3 &operator=(Singleton3 &&) = delete;public:static void destoryInstance(Singleton3 *x) { delete x; }static shared_ptr<Singleton3> getInstance(){if (NULL == m_instance){lock_guard<mutex> lock(mtx);if (NULL == m_instance)m_instance.reset(new Singleton3(), destoryInstance);}return m_instance;}};shared_ptr<Singleton3> Singleton3::m_instance = nullptr;mutex Singleton3::mtx;// 懶漢模式4，靜態嵌套類class Singleton4{static Singleton4 *m_instance;static mutex mtx;Singleton4() {}~Singleton4() {}class Deleter{public:~Deleter(){if (m_instance != nullptr){delete m_instance;m_instance = nullptr;}}};static Deleter m_deleter;public:Singleton4(const Singleton4 &) = delete;Singleton4 &operator=(const Singleton4 &) = delete;public:static Singleton4 *getInstance(){if (NULL == m_instance){lock_guard<mutex> lock(mtx);if (NULL == m_instance)m_instance = new Singleton4();}return m_instance;}};Singleton4 *Singleton4::m_instance = nullptr;mutex Singleton4::mtx;Singleton4::Deleter Singleton4::m_deleter;// 懶漢模式5class Singleton5{static atomic<Singleton5 *> m_instance;static mutex mtx;Singleton5() {}~Singleton5() {}public:Singleton5(const Singleton5 &) = delete;Singleton5 &operator=(const Singleton5 &) = delete;public:static Singleton5 *getInstance(){Singleton5 *p = m_instance;if (p == nullptr){lock_guard<mutex> ll{mtx};if ((p = m_instance) == nullptr)m_instance = p = new Singleton5();}return m_instance;}};atomic<Singleton5 *> Singleton5::m_instance{nullptr};mutex Singleton5::mtx;
}//  加鎖的懶漢式
namespace ns2_1
{class SingleInstance{private:static SingleInstance *m_SingleInstance;static mutex m_Mutex;private:SingleInstance() {}~SingleInstance() {}SingleInstance(const SingleInstance &signal) {}const SingleInstance &operator=(const SingleInstance &signal) {}public:static SingleInstance *GetInstance(){if (m_SingleInstance == nullptr){unique_lock<mutex> lock(m_Mutex); // 加鎖if (m_SingleInstance == nullptr){volatile auto temp = new (nothrow) SingleInstance();m_SingleInstance = temp;}}return m_SingleInstance;}static void deleteInstance(){unique_lock<mutex> lock(m_Mutex); // 加鎖if (m_SingleInstance){delete m_SingleInstance;m_SingleInstance = nullptr;}}void Print() { cout << "實例內存地址: " << this << endl; }};SingleInstance *SingleInstance::m_SingleInstance = nullptr;mutex SingleInstance::m_Mutex;
}namespace ns2_2
{class Singleton{static shared_ptr<Singleton> singleton;static mutex singletonMutex;public:static shared_ptr<Singleton> getSingleton(){if (singleton == nullptr){unique_lock<mutex> lock(singletonMutex);if (singleton == nullptr)singleton.reset(new Singleton());}return singleton;}void print() { cout << "Hello World." << endl; }~Singleton() { cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << endl; }private:Singleton() { cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << endl; }};shared_ptr<Singleton> Singleton::singleton = nullptr;mutex Singleton::singletonMutex;
}namespace ns2_3
{class Singleton{static shared_ptr<Singleton> singleton;static once_flag singletonFlag;private:Singleton() {}// public://     ~Singleton() {}public:void print() { cout << "Hello World." << endl; }public:static shared_ptr<Singleton> getSingleton(){call_once(singletonFlag, [&]{ singleton.reset(new Singleton()); });return singleton;}};shared_ptr<Singleton> Singleton::singleton = nullptr;once_flag Singleton::singletonFlag;
}// 模板實現
namespace ns2_4
{template <typename T>shared_ptr<T> getInstance(){static shared_ptr<T> instance(new T());return instance;}class TestClass{public:TestClass() { cout << "TestClass constructed!" << endl; }void print() { cout << "TestClass Address: " << this << endl; }};
}namespace ns22222
{class Single{private:Single() {}//~Single() {}static shared_ptr<Single> instance;Single(const Single &);Single &operator=(const Single &);public:static Single &getInstance(){if (instance == nullptr)instance.reset(new Single());return *instance;}};shared_ptr<Single> Single::instance = nullptr;class SingleObject{static shared_ptr<SingleObject> instance;SingleObject() {}// public://~SingleObject() {}public:static shared_ptr<SingleObject> getInstance() { return instance; }void showMessage() { cout << "Hello World!" << endl; }};shared_ptr<SingleObject> SingleObject::instance(new SingleObject());
}int main()
{
#if 0using namespace ns1;GameConfig *g_gc1 = GameConfig::getInstance1();GameConfig *g_gc2 = GameConfig::getInstance2();
#endif#if 0using namespace ns2;GameConfig *g_gc = GameConfig::getInstance();// g_gc->freeInstance(); // 手工釋放內存演示
#endif#if 0using namespace ns3;GameConfig *g_gc = GameConfig::getInstance();GameConfig *g_gc2 = GameConfig::getInstance();
#endif#if 0using namespace ns4;GameConfig *g_gc = GameConfig::getInstance();GameConfig *g_gc2 = GameConfig::getInstance();
#endif#if 0using namespace ns5;GameConfig2 *g_gc = GameConfig2::getInstance();GameConfig &g_gc2 = GameConfig::getInstance();myfunc();
#endif#if 0using namespace ns2_1;SingleInstance *s = SingleInstance::GetInstance();s->Print();SingleInstance::GetInstance()->Print();SingleInstance::deleteInstance();
#endif#if 1using namespace ns2_4;getInstance<TestClass>()->print();getInstance<TestClass>()->print();auto instance1 = getInstance<vector<int>>();auto instance2 = getInstance<vector<int>>();instance1->push_back(1);instance2->push_back(2);cout << "instance1->size(): " << instance1->size() << endl;cout << "instance2->size(): " << instance2->size() << endl;cout << "instance1 address: " << instance1.get() << endl;cout << "instance2 address: " << instance2.get() << endl;
#endifcout << "Over!\n";return 0;
}