Windows MCP.Net：基于.NET的Windows桌面自動化MCP服務器深度解析

📋 目錄

項目概述
技術架構深度解析
核心功能模塊詳解
代碼實現分析
使用場景與實戰案例
性能優化與最佳實踐
擴展開發指南
總結與展望

項目概述

什么是Windows-MCP.Net？

Windows MCP.Net是一個基于.NET 10.0開發的Windows桌面自動化MCP（Model Context Protocol）服務器，專為AI助手提供與Windows桌面環境交互的強大能力。該項目通過標準化的MCP協議，讓AI助手能夠直接操控Windows系統，實現真正的桌面自動化。

項目亮點

🚀 基于最新技術棧：采用.NET 10.0框架，性能卓越
🔧 模塊化設計：清晰的分層架構，易于擴展和維護
🎯 功能全面：涵蓋桌面操作、文件系統、OCR識別、系統控制等多個領域
📊 標準化協議：遵循MCP協議規范，與各種AI客戶端無縫集成
🛡? 安全可靠：完善的錯誤處理和日志記錄機制

技術架構深度解析

整體架構設計

Windows MCP.Net采用經典的分層架構模式，主要包含以下幾個層次：

┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│???????????MCP?Protocol?Layer????????│??←?協議通信層
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│??????????????Tools?Layer????????????│??←?工具實現層
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│????????????Services?Layer???????????│??←?業務服務層
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│???????????Interface?Layer???????????│??←?接口定義層
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│?????????Windows?API?Layer???????????│??←?系統API層
└─────────────────────────────────────┘

核心組件分析

1. 接口定義層（Interface Layer）

項目定義了清晰的服務接口，實現了良好的解耦：

//?桌面服務接口
public?interface?IDesktopService
{Task<string>?GetDesktopStateAsync(bool?useVision?=?false);Task<(string?Response,?int?Status)>?ClickAsync(int?x,?int?y,?string?button?=?"left",?int?clickCount?=?1);Task<(string?Response,?int?Status)>?TypeAsync(int?x,?int?y,?string?text,?bool?clear?=?false,?bool?pressEnter?=?false);//?...?更多方法
}//?文件系統服務接口
public?interface?IFileSystemService
{Task<(string?Response,?int?Status)>?CreateFileAsync(string?path,?string?content);Task<(string?Content,?int?Status)>?ReadFileAsync(string?path);Task<(string?Response,?int?Status)>?WriteFileAsync(string?path,?string?content,?bool?append?=?false);//?...?更多方法
}//?系統控制服務接口
public?interface?ISystemControlService
{Task<string>?SetVolumeAsync(bool?increase);Task<string>?SetVolumePercentAsync(int?percent);Task<string>?SetBrightnessAsync(bool?increase);//?...?更多方法
}

2. 服務實現層（Services Layer）

服務層是項目的核心，實現了具體的業務邏輯：

public?class?DesktopService?:?IDesktopService
{private?readonly?ILogger<DesktopService>?_logger;//?Windows?API?聲明[DllImport("user32.dll")]private?static?extern?bool?SetCursorPos(int?x,?int?y);[DllImport("user32.dll")]private?static?extern?void?mouse_event(uint?dwFlags,?uint?dx,?uint?dy,?uint?dwData,?int?dwExtraInfo);//?實現具體的桌面操作邏輯public?async?Task<(string?Response,?int?Status)>?ClickAsync(int?x,?int?y,?string?button?=?"left",?int?clickCount?=?1){try{SetCursorPos(x,?y);await?Task.Delay(50);?//?短暫延遲確保光標移動完成uint?mouseDown,?mouseUp;switch?(button.ToLower()){case?"left":mouseDown?=?MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN;mouseUp?=?MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP;break;case?"right":mouseDown?=?MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN;mouseUp?=?MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP;break;default:return?("Invalid?button?type",?1);}for?(int?i?=?0;?i?<?clickCount;?i++){mouse_event(mouseDown,?0,?0,?0,?0);mouse_event(mouseUp,?0,?0,?0,?0);if?(i?<?clickCount?-?1)?await?Task.Delay(100);}return?($"Successfully?clicked?at?({x},?{y})?with?{button}?button?{clickCount}?time(s)",?0);}catch?(Exception?ex){_logger.LogError(ex,?"Error?clicking?at?({X},?{Y})",?x,?y);return?($"Error:?{ex.Message}",?1);}}
}

3. 工具實現層（Tools Layer）

工具層將服務功能封裝為MCP工具，提供標準化的接口：

[McpServerToolType]
public?class?ClickTool
{private?readonly?IDesktopService?_desktopService;private?readonly?ILogger<ClickTool>?_logger;public?ClickTool(IDesktopService?desktopService,?ILogger<ClickTool>?logger){_desktopService?=?desktopService;_logger?=?logger;}[McpServerTool,?Description("Click?at?specific?coordinates?on?the?screen")]public?async?Task<string>?ClickAsync([Description("X?coordinate")]?int?x,[Description("Y?coordinate")]?int?y,[Description("Mouse?button:?left,?right,?or?middle")]?string?button?=?"left",[Description("Number?of?clicks:?1=single,?2=double,?3=triple")]?int?clickCount?=?1){_logger.LogInformation("Clicking?at?({X},?{Y})?with?{Button}?button,?{ClickCount}?times",?x,?y,?button,?clickCount);var?(response,?status)?=?await?_desktopService.ClickAsync(x,?y,?button,?clickCount);var?result?=?new{success?=?status?==?0,message?=?response,coordinates?=?new?{?x,?y?},button,clickCount};return?JsonSerializer.Serialize(result,?new?JsonSerializerOptions?{?WriteIndented?=?true?});}
}

核心功能模塊詳解

1. 桌面操作模塊（Desktop Tools）

桌面操作模塊是項目的核心，提供了豐富的Windows桌面交互功能：

鼠標操作

ClickTool：支持左鍵、右鍵、中鍵的單擊、雙擊、三擊操作
DragTool：實現拖拽操作，支持文件拖拽、窗口移動等
MoveTool：精確控制鼠標光標位置
ScrollTool：支持垂直和水平滾動操作

鍵盤操作

TypeTool：智能文本輸入，支持清除現有內容和自動回車
KeyTool：單個按鍵操作，支持所有鍵盤按鍵
ShortcutTool：快捷鍵組合操作，如Ctrl+C、Alt+Tab等

應用程序管理

LaunchTool：從開始菜單啟動應用程序，支持多語言環境
SwitchTool：智能窗口切換，支持窗口標題模糊匹配
ResizeTool：窗口大小和位置調整

2. 文件系統模塊（FileSystem Tools）

文件系統模塊提供了完整的文件和目錄操作功能：

//?文件操作示例
[McpServerTool,?Description("Write?content?to?a?file")]
public?async?Task<string>?WriteFileAsync([Description("The?file?path?to?write?to")]?string?path,[Description("The?content?to?write?to?the?file")]?string?content,[Description("Whether?to?append?to?existing?content?(true)?or?overwrite?(false)")]?bool?append?=?false)
{try{_logger.LogInformation("Writing?to?file:?{Path},?Append:?{Append}",?path,?append);var?(response,?status)?=?await?_fileSystemService.WriteFileAsync(path,?content,?append);var?result?=?new{success?=?status?==?0,message?=?response,path,contentLength?=?content?.Length????0,append};return?JsonSerializer.Serialize(result,?new?JsonSerializerOptions?{?WriteIndented?=?true?});}catch?(Exception?ex){_logger.LogError(ex,?"Error?in?WriteFileAsync");var?errorResult?=?new{success?=?false,message?=?$"Error?writing?to?file:?{ex.Message}",path,append};return?JsonSerializer.Serialize(errorResult,?new?JsonSerializerOptions?{?WriteIndented?=?true?});}
}

3. 系統控制模塊（SystemControl Tools）

系統控制模塊提供了Windows系統級別的控制功能：

音量控制

[McpServerTool,?Description("Set?system?volume?to?a?specific?percentage")]
public?async?Task<string>?SetVolumePercentAsync([Description("Volume?percentage?(0-100)")]?int?percent)
{_logger.LogInformation("Setting?volume?to?{Percent}%",?percent);return?await?_systemControlService.SetVolumePercentAsync(percent);
}

亮度控制

[McpServerTool,?Description("Set?screen?brightness?to?a?specific?percentage")]
public?async?Task<string>?SetBrightnessPercentAsync([Description("Brightness?percentage?(0-100)")]?int?percent)
{_logger.LogInformation("Setting?brightness?to?{Percent}%",?percent);return?await?_systemControlService.SetBrightnessPercentAsync(percent);
}

分辨率控制

[McpServerTool,?Description("Set?screen?resolution")]
public?async?Task<string>?SetResolutionAsync([Description("Resolution?type:?\"high\",?\"medium\",?or?\"low\"")]?string?type)
{_logger.LogInformation("Setting?resolution?to:?{Type}",?type);return?await?_systemControlService.SetResolutionAsync(type);
}

4. OCR識別模塊（OCR Tools）

OCR模塊提供了強大的文字識別功能，支持屏幕文字提取和定位：

ExtractTextFromScreenTool：全屏文字提取
ExtractTextFromRegionTool：指定區域文字提取
FindTextOnScreenTool：屏幕文字查找
GetTextCoordinatesTool：獲取文字坐標位置

代碼實現分析

依賴注入與服務注冊

項目使用了.NET的依賴注入容器，實現了良好的解耦：

//?Program.cs?中的服務注冊
var?builder?=?Host.CreateApplicationBuilder(args);//?配置日志輸出到stderr（stdout用于MCP協議消息）
builder.Logging.AddConsole(o?=>?o.LogToStandardErrorThreshold?=?LogLevel.Trace);//?注冊MCP服務和工具
builder.Services.AddSingleton<IDesktopService,?DesktopService>().AddSingleton<IFileSystemService,?FileSystemService>().AddSingleton<IOcrService,?OcrService>().AddSingleton<ISystemControlService,?SystemControlService>().AddMcpServer().WithStdioServerTransport().WithToolsFromAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());

錯誤處理與日志記錄

項目采用了統一的錯誤處理模式：

try
{//?業務邏輯var?result?=?await?SomeOperation();return?("Success?message",?0);
}
catch?(Exception?ex)
{_logger.LogError(ex,?"Error?in?operation?with?parameters?{Param1},?{Param2}",?param1,?param2);return?($"Error:?{ex.Message}",?1);
}

Windows API集成

項目大量使用了Windows API來實現底層功能：

//?Windows?API?聲明
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private?static?extern?bool?SetCursorPos(int?x,?int?y);[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private?static?extern?void?mouse_event(uint?dwFlags,?uint?dx,?uint?dy,?uint?dwData,?int?dwExtraInfo);[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private?static?extern?IntPtr?GetForegroundWindow();[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private?static?extern?int?GetWindowText(IntPtr?hWnd,?StringBuilder?text,?int?count);//?常量定義
private?const?uint?MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN?=?0x02;
private?const?uint?MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP?=?0x04;
private?const?uint?MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN?=?0x08;
private?const?uint?MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP?=?0x10;

使用場景與實戰案例

場景1：自動化辦公任務

{"tool":?"launch_app","params":?{"name":?"notepad"}
}{"tool":?"type","params":?{"x":?400,"y":?300,"text":?"這是一個自動化生成的報告\n\n日期：2024年1月15日\n內容：系統運行正常","clear":?true}
}{"tool":?"key","params":?{"key":?"ctrl+s"}
}

場景2：批量文件處理

{"tool":?"list_directory","params":?{"path":?"C:\\Documents","includeFiles":?true,"recursive":?false}
}{"tool":?"search_files_by_extension","params":?{"directory":?"C:\\Documents","extension":?".txt","recursive":?true}
}{"tool":?"copy_file","params":?{"source":?"C:\\Documents\\report.txt","destination":?"C:\\Backup\\report_backup.txt","overwrite":?true}
}

場景3：系統監控與控制

{"tool":?"get_desktop_state","params":?{"useVision":?false}
}{"tool":?"set_volume_percent","params":?{"percent":?50}
}{"tool":?"set_brightness_percent","params":?{"percent":?80}
}

性能優化與最佳實踐

1. 異步編程模式

項目全面采用異步編程模式，提高了并發性能：

public?async?Task<string>?ProcessLargeFileAsync(string?filePath)
{//?使用異步I/O操作var?content?=?await?File.ReadAllTextAsync(filePath);//?異步處理var?processedContent?=?await?ProcessContentAsync(content);//?異步寫入await?File.WriteAllTextAsync(filePath?+?".processed",?processedContent);return?"Processing?completed";
}

2. 資源管理

public?class?DesktopService?:?IDesktopService,?IDisposable
{private?bool?_disposed?=?false;public?void?Dispose(){Dispose(true);GC.SuppressFinalize(this);}protected?virtual?void?Dispose(bool?disposing){if?(!_disposed){if?(disposing){//?釋放托管資源}//?釋放非托管資源_disposed?=?true;}}
}

3. 緩存策略

private?readonly?ConcurrentDictionary<string,?WindowInfo>?_windowCache?=?new();public?async?Task<WindowInfo>?GetWindowInfoAsync(string?windowTitle)
{return?_windowCache.GetOrAdd(windowTitle,?title?=>?{//?獲取窗口信息的昂貴操作return?GetWindowInfoFromSystem(title);});
}

擴展開發指南

1. 添加新的工具

要添加新的MCP工具，需要遵循以下步驟：

//?1.?在相應的服務接口中添加方法
public?interface?IDesktopService
{Task<(string?Response,?int?Status)>?NewOperationAsync(string?parameter);
}//?2.?在服務實現中添加具體邏輯
public?class?DesktopService?:?IDesktopService
{public?async?Task<(string?Response,?int?Status)>?NewOperationAsync(string?parameter){try{//?實現具體邏輯return?("Operation?completed",?0);}catch?(Exception?ex){_logger.LogError(ex,?"Error?in?NewOperation");return?($"Error:?{ex.Message}",?1);}}
}//?3.?創建MCP工具類
[McpServerToolType]
public?class?NewOperationTool
{private?readonly?IDesktopService?_desktopService;private?readonly?ILogger<NewOperationTool>?_logger;public?NewOperationTool(IDesktopService?desktopService,?ILogger<NewOperationTool>?logger){_desktopService?=?desktopService;_logger?=?logger;}[McpServerTool,?Description("Description?of?the?new?operation")]public?async?Task<string>?ExecuteAsync([Description("Parameter?description")]?string?parameter){_logger.LogInformation("Executing?new?operation?with?parameter:?{Parameter}",?parameter);var?(response,?status)?=?await?_desktopService.NewOperationAsync(parameter);var?result?=?new{success?=?status?==?0,message?=?response,parameter};return?JsonSerializer.Serialize(result,?new?JsonSerializerOptions?{?WriteIndented?=?true?});}
}

2. 單元測試編寫

public?class?NewOperationToolTest
{private?readonly?IDesktopService?_desktopService;private?readonly?ILogger<NewOperationTool>?_logger;private?readonly?NewOperationTool?_tool;public?NewOperationToolTest(){var?services?=?new?ServiceCollection();services.AddLogging(builder?=>?builder.AddConsole());services.AddSingleton<IDesktopService,?DesktopService>();var?serviceProvider?=?services.BuildServiceProvider();_desktopService?=?serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IDesktopService>();_logger?=?serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ILogger<NewOperationTool>>();_tool?=?new?NewOperationTool(_desktopService,?_logger);}[Fact]public?async?Task?ExecuteAsync_ValidParameter_ReturnsSuccess(){//?Arrangevar?parameter?=?"test";//?Actvar?result?=?await?_tool.ExecuteAsync(parameter);//?AssertAssert.NotNull(result);var?jsonResult?=?JsonSerializer.Deserialize<JsonElement>(result);Assert.True(jsonResult.GetProperty("success").GetBoolean());}
}

3. 配置管理

//?appsettings.json
{"Logging":?{"LogLevel":?{"Default":?"Information","Microsoft":?"Warning","Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime":?"Information"}},"WindowsMcp":?{"DefaultTimeout":?5000,"MaxRetries":?3,"EnableCaching":?true}
}//?配置類
public?class?WindowsMcpOptions
{public?int?DefaultTimeout?{?get;?set;?}?=?5000;public?int?MaxRetries?{?get;?set;?}?=?3;public?bool?EnableCaching?{?get;?set;?}?=?true;
}//?在Program.cs中注冊配置
builder.Services.Configure<WindowsMcpOptions>(builder.Configuration.GetSection("WindowsMcp"));