一、實驗拓撲
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二、實驗需求
1.除了R5的環回地址固定5.5.5.0/24,其他網段基于192.168.1.0/24進行合理劃分;
2.R1-R4每個路由器存在兩個環回接口,模擬PC,地址也在192.168.1.0/24網絡內;
3.R1-R4不能直接編寫到達5.5.5.0/24的靜態路由,但依然可以訪問;
4.全網可達,盡量減少每臺路由器路由條目數量,避免環路;
5.R4與R5間,正常1000M鏈路通信,故障時自動改為100M;
三、實驗思路
1.IP地址規劃
以192.168.1.0/24為基礎網段,將其劃分為多個網段
2.基礎配置
設備命名:將各路由器分別命名為R1-R5。
接口IP配置:根據規劃的網段,為各路由器的物理接口配置相應的IP地址。
環回接口配置:為R1-R4分別配置兩個環回接口,并分配對應的IP地址,R5配置一個固定環回接口。
3.靜態路由配置
為各路由器編寫靜態路由,使網絡內各網段能夠相互通信,同時盡量減少每臺路由器的路由條目數量,避免出現環路。
對于R1-R4,不直接配置到達R5環回地址5.5.5.0/24的靜態路由
4.缺省路由配置
在R1-R4上配置缺省路由
5.避免環路與優化
在R1-R4上分別配置指向自身環回網段的空接口路由,防止路由環路。
6.R4-R5鏈路配置
為R4到R5的100M鏈路路由設置更高的優先級(61),使1000M鏈路正常時作為主用鏈路,1000M鏈路故障時自動切換到100M鏈路.
7.連通性測試
對各路由器之間以及與R5環回地址的連通性進行測試,驗證配置的正確性,確保全網可達。
四、實驗步驟
1、IP地址的劃分
192.168.1.0/24劃分5個網段
(1)192.168.1.0000 0000----192.168.1.0/27----骨干鏈路
192.168.1.0000 0000--192.168.1.0/30---255.255.255.252
192.168.1.0000 0100--192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.0000 1000--192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.0000 1100--192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.0001 0000--192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.0001 0100--192.168.1.20/30
(2)192.168.1.0010 0000----192.168.1.32/27----R1環回
192.168.1.0010?0000---192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.0011?0000---192.168.1.48/28
(3)192.168.1.0100 0000----192.168.1.64/27---R2環回
192.168.1.0100?0000---192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.0101?0000---192.168.1.80/28
(4)192.168.1.0110 0000----192.168.1.96/27--R3環回
192.168.1.0110?0000---192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.0111?0000--192.168.1.112/28
(5)192.168.1.1000 0000----192.168.1.128/27--R4環回
192.168.1.1000?0000---192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.1001?0000--192.168.1.144/28
2、配置IP地址部分
(1)改名字
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
?
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
?
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
?
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4
?
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5
2、給接口配置IP地址
R1:[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[R1]interface ?GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5?30
?
R2:[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
?
R3:[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address ?192.168.1.6?30
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
?
R4:[R4]interface ?GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
?
R5:[R5]interface g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
3、添加環回接口
R1:
[R1]int LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]int loopback1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
R2:
[R2]interface ?LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]int l1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
R3:
[R3]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[R3-LoopBack0]int l1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
R4:
[R4]interface l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]int l1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
R5:
[R5]int LoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.1 24
4、編寫靜態路由
R1:
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol static
R2:
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4?30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
R3:
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
R4:
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4?30 192.168.1.13
R5:
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4?30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4?30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21
5、測試R1-R4之間的連通性
R1:
R2:
R3:
R4:
只能實現R1-R4之間互通,無法到達R5
6、編寫靜態缺省
R1:
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
R2:
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
R3:
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
R4:
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22
7、測試R1-R5的連通性,避免環路
R1:[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
R2:[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64?27 NULL 0
R3:[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96?27 NULL 0
R4:[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128?27 NULL 0
8、R4-R5實現鏈路通信
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]sh
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown
Jul 10 2025 19:35:17-08:00 R5 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEthern
et0/0/0 has turned into DOWN state.
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Jul 10 2025 19:35:17-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the DOWN state.
五、實驗結果
?