一、suppose?是給出推理的前提,與事實無關,例如:
Suppose x >0. Then the square root of x is a real number.?(假設x大于0,則x的平方根是實數。)
Suppose Jack and Alice share a private channel. Their communications will be secure.(假設Jack和愛麗絲擁有一個私密信道,他們的通信是安全的。)
上述例句很簡單,可以用if代替suppose并合成一個句子,但這樣削弱了推理的色彩,下面的例句就不能用if代替:
例如:
Let x, y and z be the three sides of a triangle. Suppose they satisfy that the square of z is the sum of the squares of y and z. ……(一通數學操作)Now we proved that this triangle is a right one.(x,y,z代表三角形的三個邊,假設一個邊長的平方等于另兩邊長平方和。……現在我們證明了這個三角形是直角三角形。)
何不嘗試請DeepSeek?寫例句!
“請以suppose作為開頭寫一段話,要求這段話是計算機科學領域的一個推理過程。”
DeepSeek?果然出手不凡:
Suppose we have a directed acyclic graph (DAG) representing tasks and their dependencies in a scheduling problem. If we perform a topological sort on this graph, the resulting linear ordering ensures that for every directed edge (u → v), task u appears before task v. This property allows us to schedule tasks in a way that all dependencies are resolved before execution. Now, if we assign each task a fixed execution time and compute the earliest start times via dynamic programming, we can determine the critical path—the longest path through the DAG, which dictates the minimum total time required to complete all tasks. This approach is foundational in algorithms for project management and parallel computing.??
(譯文:假設我們有一個表示調度問題中任務及其依賴關系的有向無環圖(DAG)。若對該圖進行拓撲排序,得到的線性序列能保證:對于每條邊?(u → v),任務?u?總排在任務?v?之前。這一性質確保了調度時所有依賴均被優先執行。若進一步為每個任務分配固定執行時間,并通過動態規劃計算最早開始時間,我們就能找到關鍵路徑——即?DAG?中的最長路徑,它決定了完成所有任務所需的最短總時間。該方法是項目管理和并行計算中算法的核心基礎。)??
哇,DeepSeek?太牛了!!
描述一個協議、算法時也用suppose給出前提條件,例如TCP三次握手(TCP Three-Way Handshake):
Suppose we have two hosts, A and B, establishing a TCP connection……
二、assume是給出設計、分析、實驗、模擬的前提條件,與事實有關——是事實上合理的前提條件。
注意Suppose與事實無關,例如suppose x is greater than zero?不與任何事實有關,這里不能用Assume x is greater than zero.
例句:
Assume 20 to 50 servers are deployed. We will find out the time of service response vs. the number of servers.(假設布置20到50臺服務器,我們將(通過模擬)得到與服務器數量有關的服務相應時間。)
上例的“假設”就是從事實出發的合理假設,不然得到的響應時間沒有什么實際意義。
Assume the data is i.i.d(independent and identically distributed?)Such an assumption is considered to be plausible in reality?(假設數據是獨立同分布的,這個假設在實際中是合理的。)
上例的假設是接下來分析的前提條件。上例還用到assume?的名詞assumption?。
三、presume?表述一個預先假設的結論,然后驗證它,而不是像suppose、assume作為前提條件。presume?在科技論文中很少用,就不舉例了。
在科技寫作中表述預先假設的結論用hypothesize?(包括名詞hypothesis?),但計算機科學一般不會用到這樣的表述。
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