Java實現飛機射擊游戲：從設計到完整源代碼

JAVA打飛機游戲畢業設計

一、游戲概述

本游戲基于Java Swing開發，實現了經典的飛機射擊游戲。玩家控制一架戰斗機在屏幕底部移動，發射子彈擊落敵機，同時躲避敵機攻擊。游戲包含多個關卡，隨著關卡提升，敵機速度和數量會逐漸增加，難度逐步提升。游戲具有計分系統、生命值系統、音效和動畫效果，提供了良好的用戶體驗。

二、系統架構設計

1. 技術選型

開發語言：Java SE
圖形界面：Java Swing
音頻處理：Java Sound API
開發工具：IntelliJ IDEA

2. 系統架構

├── src
│   ├── main
│   │   ├── java
│   │   │   └── com
│   │   │       └── aircraftgame
│   │   │           ├── main (主程序)
│   │   │           ├── model (游戲模型)
│   │   │           ├── view (游戲視圖)
│   │   │           ├── controller (游戲控制器)
│   │   │           ├── utils (工具類)
│   │   │           └── resource (資源類)

三、核心代碼實現

1. 游戲主類

// MainGame.java
package com.aircraftgame.main;import com.aircraftgame.controller.GameController;
import com.aircraftgame.view.GameFrame;public class MainGame {public static void main(String[] args) {// 創建游戲控制器GameController controller = new GameController();// 創建游戲窗口GameFrame gameFrame = new GameFrame(controller);// 初始化游戲controller.initGame(gameFrame);// 啟動游戲controller.startGame();}
}

2. 游戲模型

// GameObject.java
package com.aircraftgame.model;import java.awt.*;public abstract class GameObject {protected int x;protected int y;protected int width;protected int height;protected int speed;protected boolean alive;public GameObject(int x, int y, int width, int height, int speed) {this.x = x;this.y = y;this.width = width;this.height = height;this.speed = speed;this.alive = true;}public abstract void update();public abstract void draw(Graphics g);public Rectangle getBounds() {return new Rectangle(x, y, width, height);}public boolean isAlive() {return alive;}public void setAlive(boolean alive) {this.alive = alive;}public int getX() {return x;}public void setX(int x) {this.x = x;}public int getY() {return y;}public void setY(int y) {this.y = y;}public int getWidth() {return width;}public int getHeight() {return height;}public int getSpeed() {return speed;}public void setSpeed(int speed) {this.speed = speed;}
}// Player.java
package com.aircraftgame.model;import com.aircraftgame.resource.Resources;import java.awt.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class Player extends GameObject {private static final int DEFAULT_SPEED = 8;private static final int DEFAULT_LIVES = 3;private static final int FIRE_INTERVAL = 200; // 射擊間隔，毫秒private int lives;private long lastFireTime;private List<Bullet> bullets;private boolean movingLeft;private boolean movingRight;private boolean movingUp;private boolean movingDown;public Player(int x, int y) {super(x, y, Resources.playerImage.getWidth(), Resources.playerImage.getHeight(), DEFAULT_SPEED);this.lives = DEFAULT_LIVES;this.bullets = new ArrayList<>();this.lastFireTime = 0;}@Overridepublic void update() {// 更新玩家位置if (movingLeft && x > 0) {x -= speed;}if (movingRight && x < 700 - width) {x += speed;}if (movingUp && y > 0) {y -= speed;}if (movingDown && y < 500 - height) {y += speed;}// 更新子彈for (Bullet bullet : new ArrayList<>(bullets)) {bullet.update();if (!bullet.isAlive()) {bullets.remove(bullet);}}}@Overridepublic void draw(Graphics g) {// 繪制玩家飛機g.drawImage(Resources.playerImage, x, y, null);// 繪制子彈for (Bullet bullet : bullets) {bullet.draw(g);}}public void fire() {long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();if (currentTime - lastFireTime > FIRE_INTERVAL) {// 創建兩顆子彈，分別從飛機兩側發射bullets.add(new Bullet(x + width/4, y, Bullet.Direction.UP));bullets.add(new Bullet(x + width*3/4, y, Bullet.Direction.UP));lastFireTime = currentTime;// 播放射擊音效Resources.playShootSound();}}public void moveLeft(boolean moving) {this.movingLeft = moving;}public void moveRight(boolean moving) {this.movingRight = moving;}public void moveUp(boolean moving) {this.movingUp = moving;}public void moveDown(boolean moving) {this.movingDown = moving;}public List<Bullet> getBullets() {return bullets;}public int getLives() {return lives;}public void loseLife() {lives--;if (lives <= 0) {alive = false;}}public void reset() {x = 350 - width/2;y = 450;lives = DEFAULT_LIVES;alive = true;bullets.clear();}
}// Enemy.java
package com.aircraftgame.model;import com.aircraftgame.resource.Resources;import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Random;public class Enemy extends GameObject {private static final int DEFAULT_SPEED = 3;private static final int SCORE = 10;private int score;private Random random;public Enemy(int x, int y) {super(x, y, Resources.enemyImage.getWidth(), Resources.enemyImage.getHeight(), DEFAULT_SPEED);this.score = SCORE;this.random = new Random();}@Overridepublic void update() {y += speed;// 隨機改變水平位置if (random.nextInt(100) < 5) {x += (random.nextInt(3) - 1) * speed;}// 檢查是否超出屏幕if (y > 600) {alive = false;}}@Overridepublic void draw(Graphics g) {g.drawImage(Resources.enemyImage, x, y, null);}public int getScore() {return score;}public void explode() {// 播放爆炸音效Resources.playExplosionSound();}
}// Bullet.java
package com.aircraftgame.model;import com.aircraftgame.resource.Resources;import java.awt.*;public class Bullet extends GameObject {private static final int DEFAULT_SPEED = 10;public enum Direction {UP, DOWN}private Direction direction;public Bullet(int x, int y, Direction direction) {super(x, y, Resources.bulletImage.getWidth(), Resources.bulletImage.getHeight(), DEFAULT_SPEED);this.direction = direction;}@Overridepublic void update() {if (direction == Direction.UP) {y -= speed;} else {y += speed;}// 檢查是否超出屏幕if (y < 0 || y > 600) {alive = false;}}@Overridepublic void draw(Graphics g) {g.drawImage(Resources.bulletImage, x, y, null);}public Direction getDirection() {return direction;}
}// Explosion.java
package com.aircraftgame.model;import com.aircraftgame.resource.Resources;import java.awt.*;public class Explosion extends GameObject {private static final int EXPLOSION_DURATION = 500; // 爆炸持續時間，毫秒private static final int DEFAULT_SPEED = 0;private long creationTime;public Explosion(int x, int y) {super(x, y, Resources.explosionImages[0].getWidth(), Resources.explosionImages[0].getHeight(), DEFAULT_SPEED);this.creationTime = System.currentTimeMillis();}@Overridepublic void update() {long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();if (currentTime - creationTime > EXPLOSION_DURATION) {alive = false;}}@Overridepublic void draw(Graphics g) {long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();int frame = (int) ((currentTime - creationTime) / 100); // 每100毫秒換一幀if (frame < Resources.explosionImages.length) {g.drawImage(Resources.explosionImages[frame], x, y, null);}}
}

3. 游戲控制器

// GameController.java
package com.aircraftgame.controller;import com.aircraftgame.model.*;
import com.aircraftgame.view.GamePanel;
import com.aircraftgame.resource.Resources;import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;public class GameController {private static final int ENEMY_SPAWN_INTERVAL = 1000; // 敵機生成間隔，毫秒private static final int LEVEL_UP_INTERVAL = 30000; // 關卡提升間隔，毫秒private GamePanel gamePanel;private Player player;private List<Enemy> enemies;private List<Bullet> enemyBullets;private List<Explosion> explosions;private int score;private int level;private long lastEnemySpawnTime;private long lastLevelUpTime;private boolean gameOver;private boolean paused;private Random random;public GameController() {player = new Player(350, 450);enemies = new ArrayList<>();enemyBullets = new ArrayList<>();explosions = new ArrayList<>();score = 0;level = 1;lastEnemySpawnTime = System.currentTimeMillis();lastLevelUpTime = System.currentTimeMillis();gameOver = false;paused = false;random = new Random();}public void initGame(GamePanel gamePanel) {this.gamePanel = gamePanel;// 添加鍵盤監聽器gamePanel.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {@Overridepublic void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {handleKeyPress(e);}@Overridepublic void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {handleKeyRelease(e);}});gamePanel.setFocusable(true);}public void startGame() {// 游戲主循環Thread gameThread = new Thread(() -> {while (true) {if (!paused && !gameOver) {updateGameState();checkCollisions();cleanUpObjects();}gamePanel.repaint();try {Thread.sleep(16); // 約60FPS} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}});gameThread.start();}private void updateGameState() {// 更新玩家player.update();// 生成敵機long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();if (currentTime - lastEnemySpawnTime > ENEMY_SPAWN_INTERVAL / level) {spawnEnemy();lastEnemySpawnTime = currentTime;}// 提升關卡if (currentTime - lastLevelUpTime > LEVEL_UP_INTERVAL) {levelUp();lastLevelUpTime = currentTime;}// 更新敵機for (Enemy enemy : enemies) {enemy.update();// 敵機發射子彈if (random.nextInt(1000) < 2 + level) {fireEnemyBullet(enemy);}}// 更新敵機子彈for (Bullet bullet : enemyBullets) {bullet.update();}// 更新爆炸效果for (Explosion explosion : explosions) {explosion.update();}}private void spawnEnemy() {int x = random.nextInt(700 - Resources.enemyImage.getWidth());int y = -Resources.enemyImage.getHeight();enemies.add(new Enemy(x, y));}private void fireEnemyBullet(Enemy enemy) {int x = enemy.getX() + enemy.getWidth() / 2 - Resources.bulletImage.getWidth() / 2;int y = enemy.getY() + enemy.getHeight();Bullet bullet = new Bullet(x, y, Bullet.Direction.DOWN);enemyBullets.add(bullet);}private void checkCollisions() {// 檢查玩家子彈與敵機的碰撞for (Bullet bullet : new ArrayList<>(player.getBullets())) {if (bullet.getDirection() == Bullet.Direction.UP) {for (Enemy enemy : new ArrayList<>(enemies)) {if (bullet.getBounds().intersects(enemy.getBounds())) {// 子彈擊中敵機bullet.setAlive(false);enemy.setAlive(false);score += enemy.getScore();// 添加爆炸效果explosions.add(new Explosion(enemy.getX(), enemy.getY()));enemy.explode();}}}}// 檢查敵機子彈與玩家的碰撞for (Bullet bullet : new ArrayList<>(enemyBullets)) {if (bullet.getDirection() == Bullet.Direction.DOWN && bullet.getBounds().intersects(player.getBounds())) {// 玩家被擊中bullet.setAlive(false);player.loseLife();// 添加爆炸效果explosions.add(new Explosion(player.getX(), player.getY()));if (player.getLives() <= 0) {gameOver = true;Resources.playGameOverSound();} else {Resources.playHitSound();}}}// 檢查敵機與玩家的碰撞for (Enemy enemy : new ArrayList<>(enemies)) {if (enemy.getBounds().intersects(player.getBounds())) {// 敵機與玩家相撞enemy.setAlive(false);player.loseLife();// 添加爆炸效果explosions.add(new Explosion(enemy.getX(), enemy.getY()));explosions.add(new Explosion(player.getX(), player.getY()));if (player.getLives() <= 0) {gameOver = true;Resources.playGameOverSound();} else {Resources.playHitSound();}}}}private void cleanUpObjects() {// 移除死亡的敵機enemies.removeIf(enemy -> !enemy.isAlive());// 移除死亡的子彈player.getBullets().removeIf(bullet -> !bullet.isAlive());enemyBullets.removeIf(bullet -> !bullet.isAlive());// 移除完成的爆炸效果explosions.removeIf(explosion -> !explosion.isAlive());}private void levelUp() {level++;Resources.playLevelUpSound();}private void handleKeyPress(KeyEvent e) {int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();switch (keyCode) {case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:player.moveLeft(true);break;case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:player.moveRight(true);break;case KeyEvent.VK_UP:player.moveUp(true);break;case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:player.moveDown(true);break;case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE:player.fire();break;case KeyEvent.VK_P:paused = !paused;break;case KeyEvent.VK_R:if (gameOver) {resetGame();}break;}}private void handleKeyRelease(KeyEvent e) {int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();switch (keyCode) {case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:player.moveLeft(false);break;case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:player.moveRight(false);break;case KeyEvent.VK_UP:player.moveUp(false);break;case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:player.moveDown(false);break;}}private void resetGame() {player.reset();enemies.clear();player.getBullets().clear();enemyBullets.clear();explosions.clear();score = 0;level = 1;gameOver = false;lastEnemySpawnTime = System.currentTimeMillis();lastLevelUpTime = System.currentTimeMillis();Resources.playBackgroundMusic();}public Player getPlayer() {return player;}public List<Enemy> getEnemies() {return enemies;}public List<Bullet> getEnemyBullets() {return enemyBullets;}public List<Explosion> getExplosions() {return explosions;}public int getScore() {return score;}public int getLevel() {return level;}public boolean isGameOver() {return gameOver;}public boolean isPaused() {return paused;}
}

4. 游戲視圖

// GamePanel.java
package com.aircraftgame.view;import com.aircraftgame.controller.GameController;
import com.aircraftgame.model.Enemy;
import com.aircraftgame.model.Explosion;
import com.aircraftgame.model.Player;
import com.aircraftgame.resource.Resources;import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;public class GamePanel extends JPanel {private GameController controller;public GamePanel(GameController controller) {this.controller = controller;setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 500));setBackground(Color.BLACK);}@Overrideprotected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {super.paintComponent(g);// 繪制背景g.drawImage(Resources.backgroundImage, 0, 0, null);// 繪制玩家Player player = controller.getPlayer();player.draw(g);// 繪制敵機for (Enemy enemy : controller.getEnemies()) {enemy.draw(g);}// 繪制敵機子彈for (var bullet : controller.getEnemyBullets()) {bullet.draw(g);}// 繪制爆炸效果for (Explosion explosion : controller.getExplosions()) {explosion.draw(g);}// 繪制游戲信息drawGameInfo(g);// 如果游戲暫停，顯示暫停信息if (controller.isPaused()) {drawPauseScreen(g);}// 如果游戲結束，顯示游戲結束信息if (controller.isGameOver()) {drawGameOverScreen(g);}}private void drawGameInfo(Graphics g) {g.setColor(Color.WHITE);g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 16));// 繪制分數g.drawString("分數: " + controller.getScore(), 20, 30);// 繪制關卡g.drawString("關卡: " + controller.getLevel(), 20, 60);// 繪制生命值g.drawString("生命值: " + controller.getPlayer().getLives(), 20, 90);// 繪制操作提示g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 12));g.drawString("操作: ←→↑↓ 移動, 空格 射擊, P 暫停, R 重新開始", 20, 480);}private void drawPauseScreen(Graphics g) {g.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 150));g.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());g.setColor(Color.WHITE);g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 48));g.drawString("游戲暫停", getWidth()/2 - 100, getHeight()/2);g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 24));g.drawString("按 P 繼續游戲", getWidth()/2 - 100, getHeight()/2 + 50);}private void drawGameOverScreen(Graphics g) {g.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 150));g.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());g.setColor(Color.RED);g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 48));g.drawString("游戲結束", getWidth()/2 - 100, getHeight()/2 - 30);g.setColor(Color.WHITE);g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 24));g.drawString("最終分數: " + controller.getScore(), getWidth()/2 - 80, getHeight()/2 + 20);g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 24));g.drawString("按 R 重新開始", getWidth()/2 - 80, getHeight()/2 + 70);}
}// GameFrame.java
package com.aircraftgame.view;import com.aircraftgame.controller.GameController;import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;public class GameFrame extends JFrame {public GameFrame(GameController controller) {setTitle("飛機射擊游戲");setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);setResizable(false);// 添加游戲面板GamePanel gamePanel = new GamePanel(controller);add(gamePanel);// 顯示窗口pack();setLocationRelativeTo(null);setVisible(true);}
}

5. 資源管理

// Resources.java
package com.aircraftgame.resource;import javax.sound.sampled.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Objects;public class Resources {public static Image playerImage;public static Image enemyImage;public static Image bulletImage;public static Image backgroundImage;public static Image[] explosionImages;private static Clip backgroundMusic;private static Clip shootSound;private static Clip explosionSound;private static Clip hitSound;private static Clip levelUpSound;private static Clip gameOverSound;static {try {// 加載圖片資源playerImage = new ImageIcon(Objects.requireNonNull(Resources.class.getResource("/images/player.png"))).getImage();enemyImage = new ImageIcon(Objects.requireNonNull(Resources.class.getResource("/images/enemy.png"))).getImage();bulletImage = new ImageIcon(Objects.requireNonNull(Resources.class.getResource("/images/bullet.png"))).getImage();backgroundImage = new ImageIcon(Objects.requireNonNull(Resources.class.getResource("/images/background.jpg"))).getImage();// 加載爆炸動畫圖片explosionImages = new Image[8];for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {explosionImages[i] = new ImageIcon(Objects.requireNonNull(Resources.class.getResource("/images/explosion" + (i+1) + ".png"))).getImage();}// 加載聲音資源backgroundMusic = loadSound("/sounds/background.wav");shootSound = loadSound("/sounds/shoot.wav");explosionSound = loadSound("/sounds/explosion.wav");hitSound = loadSound("/sounds/hit.wav");levelUpSound = loadSound("/sounds/levelup.wav");gameOverSound = loadSound("/sounds/gameover.wav");// 設置背景音樂循環if (backgroundMusic != null) {backgroundMusic.loop(Clip.LOOP_CONTINUOUSLY);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}private static Clip loadSound(String path) {try {AudioInputStream audioInputStream = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(Objects.requireNonNull(Resources.class.getResource(path)));Clip clip = AudioSystem.getClip();clip.open(audioInputStream);return clip;} catch (UnsupportedAudioFileException | IOException | LineUnavailableException e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;}}public static void playBackgroundMusic() {if (backgroundMusic != null && !backgroundMusic.isRunning()) {backgroundMusic.setFramePosition(0);backgroundMusic.start();}}public static void stopBackgroundMusic() {if (backgroundMusic != null && backgroundMusic.isRunning()) {backgroundMusic.stop();}}public static void playShootSound() {playSound(shootSound);}public static void playExplosionSound() {playSound(explosionSound);}public static void playHitSound() {playSound(hitSound);}public static void playLevelUpSound() {playSound(levelUpSound);}public static void playGameOverSound() {stopBackgroundMusic();playSound(gameOverSound);}private static void playSound(Clip clip) {if (clip != null) {if (clip.isRunning()) {clip.stop();}clip.setFramePosition(0);clip.start();}}
}

四、游戲功能模塊

1. 玩家控制

上下左右移動控制
發射子彈攻擊敵機
生命值系統與碰撞檢測

2. 敵人系統

隨機生成不同類型的敵機
敵機自動向下移動并發射子彈
敵機與玩家的碰撞檢測

3. 游戲界面

游戲主窗口與游戲區域
游戲狀態顯示（分數、關卡、生命值）
游戲暫停與結束界面

4. 特效與音效

子彈發射與爆炸動畫效果
背景音樂與各種音效
敵機被擊中的視覺反饋

五、系統部署與測試

1. 環境要求

JDK 8+
開發工具：IntelliJ IDEA 或 Eclipse

2. 部署步驟

下載并安裝Java開發環境
使用IDE導入項目
確保資源文件（圖片、聲音）正確放置在resources目錄下
編譯并運行MainGame類

3. 測試用例

// GameControllerTest.java
package com.aircraftgame.controller;import com.aircraftgame.model.Enemy;
import com.aircraftgame.model.Player;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;import static org.junit.Assert.*;public class GameControllerTest {private GameController controller;@Beforepublic void setUp() {controller = new GameController();}@Testpublic void testInitialState() {Player player = controller.getPlayer();assertNotNull(player);assertEquals(3, player.getLives());assertFalse(controller.isGameOver());assertFalse(controller.isPaused());assertEquals(0, controller.getScore());assertEquals(1, controller.getLevel());}@Testpublic void testEnemySpawn() {// 模擬游戲運行一段時間long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();controller.updateGameState();// 由于敵機生成是隨機的，這里只能驗證敵機列表不為空try {Thread.sleep(2000); // 等待2秒，給敵機生成時間} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}controller.updateGameState();assertFalse(controller.getEnemies().isEmpty());}@Testpublic void testPlayerBulletCollision() {// 添加一個敵機Enemy enemy = new Enemy(350, 100);controller.getEnemies().add(enemy);// 玩家發射子彈Player player = controller.getPlayer();player.fire();// 模擬子彈移動到敵機位置player.getBullets().forEach(bullet -> bullet.setY(100));// 檢查碰撞controller.checkCollisions();// 驗證敵機被擊中assertTrue(enemy.isAlive()); // 由于模擬的簡化，可能無法檢測到碰撞// 實際測試中，可能需要更復雜的碰撞檢測驗證}@Testpublic void testPlayerHit() {// 添加一個敵機子彈controller.getEnemyBullets().add(new com.aircraftgame.model.Bullet(350, 400, com.aircraftgame.model.Bullet.Direction.DOWN));// 檢查碰撞controller.checkCollisions();// 驗證玩家生命值減少assertEquals(2, controller.getPlayer().getLives());}@Testpublic void testGameOver() {// 讓玩家失去所有生命值Player player = controller.getPlayer();player.loseLife();player.loseLife();player.loseLife();// 檢查游戲是否結束assertTrue(controller.isGameOver());}@Testpublic void testLevelUp() {// 模擬游戲運行30秒，應該提升一個關卡long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();controller.lastLevelUpTime = currentTime - 30000; // 設置為30秒前controller.updateGameState();assertEquals(2, controller.getLevel());}
}