Django構建簡易視頻編輯管理系統
以下是基于Django構建簡易視頻編輯管理系統的可運行代碼框架，包含核心功能模塊和實現邏輯。該系統支持視頻上傳、基本剪輯操作和管理功能。
環境準備
安裝必要依賴包：
pip install django pillow moviepy django-crispy-forms
項目結構
video_editor/
├── core/
│ ├── models.py
│ ├── views.py
│ ├── forms.py
│ └── utils/
│ └── video_processing.py
├── templates/
│ ├── base.html
│ ├── upload.html
│ └── editor.html
└── static/└── js/└── editor.js
核心模型設計
# core/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import Userclass VideoProject(models.Model):user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)title = models.CharField(max_length=255)created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)class VideoClip(models.Model):project = models.ForeignKey(VideoProject, on_delete=models.CASCADE)original_file = models.FileField(upload_to='uploads/')start_time = models.FloatField(default=0)end_time = models.FloatField(null=True, blank=True)processed_file = models.FileField(upload_to='processed/', null=True)
視頻處理工具
# core/utils/video_processing.py
from moviepy.editor import VideoFileClip
import osdef trim_video(input_path, output_path, start_time, end_time=None):clip = VideoFileClip(input_path)if end_time:clip = clip.subclip(start_time, end_time)else:clip = clip.subclip(start_time)clip.write_videofile(output_path)return output_path
視圖邏輯
# core/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import VideoUploadForm
from .models import VideoProject, VideoClip
from .utils.video_processing import trim_videodef upload_video(request):if request.method == 'POST':form = VideoUploadForm(request.POST, request.FILES)if form.is_valid():project = VideoProject.objects.create(user=request.user,title=form.cleaned_data['title'])clip = VideoClip.objects.create(project=project,original_file=form.cleaned_data['video_file'])return redirect('video_editor', project_id=project.id)else:form = VideoUploadForm()return render(request, 'upload.html', {'form': form})def video_editor(request, project_id):project = VideoProject.objects.get(id=project_id)clip = project.videoclip_set.first()if request.method == 'POST':start = float(request.POST.get('start_time', 0))end = float(request.POST.get('end_time', 0))output_path = f'media/processed/{clip.id}_trimmed.mp4'trim_video(clip.original_file.path, output_path, start, end)clip.processed_file = output_path[len('media/'):]clip.save()return render(request, 'editor.html', {'project': project, 'clip': clip})
前端模板示例
<!-- templates/editor.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}{% block content %}
<div class="editor-container"><video id="preview" controls><source src="{{ clip.original_file.url }}" type="video/mp4"></video><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<input type="range" id="start-slider" name="start_time" min="0" max="100" step="1"><input type="range" id="end-slider" name="end_time" min="0" max="100" step="1"><button type="submit">Trim Video</button></form>{% if clip.processed_file %}<div class="result"><h3>Processed Video:</h3><video controls><source src="{{ clip.processed_file.url }}" type="video/mp4"></video></div>{% endif %}
</div>
{% endblock %}
路由配置
# urls.py
from django.urls import path
from core import viewsurlpatterns = [path('upload/', views.upload_video, name='upload'),path('editor/<int:project_id>/', views.video_editor, name='video_editor'),
]
運行步驟
- 創建并遷移數據庫：
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
- 創建媒體文件目錄：
mkdir -p media/uploads media/processed
- 啟動開發服務器：
python manage.py runserver
該系統實現了基礎功能：
- 用戶認證系統（需擴展）
- 視頻上傳存儲
- 時間軸剪輯功能
- 結果預覽與下載
Django-video-encoder
安裝與配置
確保已安裝 django-video-encoder 和相關依賴。可通過 pip 安裝：
pip install django-video-encoder ffmpeg
在 Django 的 settings.py 中添加應用：
INSTALLED_APPS = [...'video_encoder','django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
配置媒體文件路徑：
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
模型定義
創建一個模型來存儲視頻文件。示例模型如下：
from django.db import models
from video_encoder.fields import VideoFieldclass Video(models.Model):title = models.CharField(max_length=100)video_file = VideoField(upload_to='videos/')encoded_video = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True)def __str__(self):return self.title
VideoField 是 django-video-encoder 提供的字段類型，用于處理視頻上傳和編碼。
視圖與模板
創建一個視圖來處理視頻上傳和顯示：
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .models import Video
from .forms import VideoFormdef upload_video(request):if request.method == 'POST':form = VideoForm(request.POST, request.FILES)if form.is_valid():form.save()return redirect('video_list')else:form = VideoForm()return render(request, 'upload_video.html', {'form': form})def video_list(request):videos = Video.objects.all()return render(request, 'video_list.html', {'videos': videos})
模板文件 upload_video.html：
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">{% csrf_token %}{{ form.as_p }}<button type="submit">Upload</button>
</form>
模板文件 video_list.html：
{% for video in videos %}<div><h3>{{ video.title }}</h3><video width="320" height="240" controls><source src="{{ video.video_file.url }}" type="video/mp4"></video></div>
{% endfor %}
編碼任務
django-video-encoder 會自動處理視頻編碼。編碼任務通常在后臺運行，可以使用 Celery 或 Django 的異步任務系統。以下是一個簡單的任務示例：
from video_encoder.tasks import encode_videodef save(self, *args, **kwargs):super().save(*args, **kwargs)encode_video.delay(self.video_file.path)
配置 FFmpeg
確保系統已安裝 FFmpeg，并在 settings.py 中配置：
VIDEO_ENCODER_BACKEND = 'video_encoder.backends.ffmpeg.FFmpegBackend'
VIDEO_ENCODER_THREADS = 4 # 設置編碼線程數
自定義編碼格式
可以通過繼承 BaseEncoderBackend 自定義編碼格式。示例：
from video_encoder.backends.base import BaseEncoderBackendclass CustomBackend(BaseEncoderBackend):def encode(self, input_path, output_path, **kwargs):# 自定義編碼邏輯pass
在 settings.py 中使用自定義后端：
VIDEO_ENCODER_BACKEND = 'path.to.CustomBackend'
視頻處理信號
django-video-encoder 提供信號來處理視頻編碼完成事件。示例：
from video_encoder.signals import video_encoded
from django.dispatch import receiver@receiver(video_encoded)
def handle_video_encoded(sender, instance, **kwargs):instance.encoded_video = instance.video_file.urlinstance.save()
高級配置
如果需要更高級的配置，可以在 settings.py 中設置：
VIDEO_ENCODER_FORMATS = {'mp4': {'options': ['-codec:v', 'libx264','-crf', '23','-preset', 'fast','-codec:a', 'aac','-strict', '-2','-b:a', '128k',],},
}
