常見交換機

RabbitMQ提供的交換機一共的四種，分別是：

1. Fanout：采用廣播形式來發送消息，會將消息路由到所有綁定了的隊列之中。

2. Direct：通過Binding Key與隊列綁定，生產者在發送信息的時候會通過Routing Key來告訴交換機消息要發送給誰

3. Topic：與Direct類似，但是Topic支持通配符，能夠使用通配符實現多匹配，一般情況下Binding Key是由多個單詞組成，而Topic能夠通過#和*來模糊匹配，#代表多個單詞，*代表一個單詞

4.?Headers ：根據消息頭進行匹配，基本上很少使用，限制較多，而且麻煩

Fanout 扇形交換機

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {// 定義隊列名稱public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE_1 = "fanout.queue.1";public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE_2 = "fanout.queue.2";// 定義交換機名稱public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout.exchange";/*** 聲明第一個隊列*/@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueue1() {return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_1);}/*** 聲明第二個隊列*/@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueue2() {return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_2);}/*** 聲明一個扇出交換機*/@Beanpublic FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {return new FanoutExchange(FANOUT_EXCHANGE);}/*** 將第一個隊列綁定到扇出交換機*/@Beanpublic Binding fanoutBinding1() {return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1()).to(fanoutExchange());}/*** 將第二個隊列綁定到扇出交換機*/@Beanpublic Binding fanoutBinding2() {return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2()).to(fanoutExchange());}
}

Direct 直連交換機

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class DirectConfig {// 定義隊列名稱public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE = "direct.queue";// 定義交換機名稱public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct.exchange";// 定義路由鍵public static final String DIRECT_ROUTING_KEY = "direct.routing.key";/*** 聲明一個隊列*/@Beanpublic Queue directQueue() {return new Queue(DIRECT_QUEUE);}/*** 聲明一個直連交換機*/@Beanpublic DirectExchange directExchange() {return new DirectExchange(DIRECT_EXCHANGE);}/*** 將隊列綁定到交換機，并指定路由鍵*/@Beanpublic Binding directBinding() {return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue()).to(directExchange()).with(DIRECT_ROUTING_KEY);}
}

Topic 主題交換機

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class TopicConfig {// 定義隊列名稱public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_1 = "topic.queue.1";public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_2 = "topic.queue.2";// 定義交換機名稱public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic.exchange";// 定義路由鍵模式public static final String TOPIC_ROUTING_KEY_1 = "topic.routing.key.1.*";public static final String TOPIC_ROUTING_KEY_2 = "topic.routing.key.2.#";/*** 聲明第一個隊列*/@Beanpublic Queue topicQueue1() {return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_1);}/*** 聲明第二個隊列*/@Beanpublic Queue topicQueue2() {return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_2);}/*** 聲明一個主題交換機*/@Beanpublic TopicExchange topicExchange() {return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE);}/*** 將第一個隊列綁定到主題交換機，并指定路由鍵模式*/@Beanpublic Binding topicBinding1() {return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1()).to(topicExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTING_KEY_1);}/*** 將第二個隊列綁定到主題交換機，并指定路由鍵模式*/@Beanpublic Binding topicBinding2() {return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2()).to(topicExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTING_KEY_2);}
}

Headers 頭交換機

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.HeadersExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;@Configuration
public class HeadersConfig {// 定義隊列名稱public static final String HEADERS_QUEUE_1 = "headers.queue.1";public static final String HEADERS_QUEUE_2 = "headers.queue.2";// 定義交換機名稱public static final String HEADERS_EXCHANGE = "headers.exchange";/*** 聲明第一個隊列*/@Beanpublic Queue headersQueue1() {return new Queue(HEADERS_QUEUE_1);}/*** 聲明第二個隊列*/@Beanpublic Queue headersQueue2() {return new Queue(HEADERS_QUEUE_2);}/*** 聲明一個頭交換機*/@Beanpublic HeadersExchange headersExchange() {return new HeadersExchange(HEADERS_EXCHANGE);}/*** 將第一個隊列綁定到頭交換機，并指定頭部屬性*/@Beanpublic Binding headersBinding1() {Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();headers.put("header1", "value1");return BindingBuilder.bind(headersQueue1()).to(headersExchange()).whereAny(headers).match();}/*** 將第二個隊列綁定到頭交換機，并指定頭部屬性*/

注意點：

在我測試的過程中，發現在創建的過程中并不會直接去創建，而是在你讀取隊列后才會被創建，哪怕這個隊列不存在，報錯了，也會創建交換機和隊列并綁定