C#中POST數據和接收的幾種方式

POST方式提交數據，一種眾所周知的方式：

html頁面中使用form表單提交，接收方式，使用Request.Form[""]或Request.QueryString[""]來獲取。

這里介紹另外一種POST方式和接收方式，就是將整個數據作為加入到數據流中提交和接收

接收方式:

Stream s = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream;
byte[] b = new byte[s.Length];
s.Read(b, 0, (int)s.Length);
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(b);

只需要從input Stream中讀取byte數據，然后轉為string，再解析即可。如果要回復響應消息只需要用：Response.Write() ?輸出即可（和普通的頁面輸出一樣）。

主動POST發送方式：

            HttpWebRequest webrequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);webrequest.Method = "post";byte[] postdatabyte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);webrequest.ContentLength = postdatabyte.Length;Stream stream;stream = webrequest.GetRequestStream();stream.Write(postdatabyte, 0, postdatabyte.Length);stream.Close();using (var httpWebResponse = webrequest.GetResponse())using (StreamReader responseStream = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream())){String ret = responseStream.ReadToEnd();T result = XmlDeserialize<T>(ret);return result;}

使用HttpClient對象發送

 public static  string   PostXmlResponse(string url, string xmlString){HttpContent httpContent = new StringContent(xmlString);httpContent.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();HttpResponseMessage response = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent).Result;if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode){Task<string> t = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();return t.Result;}return string.Empty;}

從代碼中可以看出僅僅是將字符串轉為byte[] 類型，并加入到請求流中，進行請求即可達到POST效果，該種POST方式與上邊所提到的接收方式相互配合使用。

下面一種方式是以鍵值對的方式主動POST傳輸的。

　　　　 /// <summary>/// 發起httpPost 請求，可以上傳文件/// </summary>/// <param name="url">請求的地址</param>/// <param name="files">文件</param>/// <param name="input">表單數據</param>/// <param name="endoding">編碼</param>/// <returns></returns>public static string PostResponse(string url, UpLoadFile[] files, Dictionary<string, string> input, Encoding endoding){string boundary = "----------------------------" + DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);request.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary;request.Method = "POST";request.KeepAlive = true;//request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;request.Expect = "";MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();byte[] line = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("--" + boundary + "\r\n");byte[] enterER = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n");提交文件if (files != null){string fformat = "Content-Disposition:form-data; name=\"{0}\";filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type:{2}\r\n\r\n";foreach (UpLoadFile file in files){stream.Write(line, 0, line.Length);        //項目分隔符string s = string.Format(fformat, file.Name, file.FileName, file.Content_Type);byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s);stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);stream.Write(file.Data, 0, file.Data.Length);stream.Write(enterER, 0, enterER.Length);  //添加\r\n}}//提交文本字段if (input != null){string format = "--" + boundary + "\r\nContent-Disposition:form-data;name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n";    //自帶項目分隔符foreach (string key in input.Keys){string s = string.Format(format, key, input[key]);byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s);stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);}}byte[] foot_data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("--" + boundary + "--\r\n");      //項目最后的分隔符字符串需要帶上--  stream.Write(foot_data, 0, foot_data.Length);request.ContentLength = stream.Length;Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream(); //寫入請求數據stream.Position = 0L;stream.CopyTo(requestStream); //stream.Close();requestStream.Close();try{HttpWebResponse response;try{response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();try{using (var responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())using (var mstream = new MemoryStream()){responseStream.CopyTo(mstream);string message = endoding.GetString(mstream.ToArray());return message;}}catch (Exception ex){throw ex;}}catch (WebException ex){//response = (HttpWebResponse)ex.Response;//if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)//{//    using (Stream data = response.GetResponseStream())//    {//        using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(data))//        {//            string text = reader.ReadToEnd();//            Console.WriteLine(text);//        }//    }//}throw ex;}}catch (Exception ex){throw ex;}}

通過兩種主動POST提交的代碼可以看出，其主要區別在于發送前的數據格式?ContentType 的值。

下面列舉幾種常用的ContentType 值，并簡述他們的區別

Content-Type 被指定為 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 時候，傳輸的數據格式需要如 ?title=test&sub%5B%5D=1&sub%5B%5D=2&sub%5B%5D=3 所示格式，才能正確解析

Content-Type 被指定為?multipart/form-data?時候，所需格式如下面代碼塊中所示

Content-Type:multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwAContent-Disposition: form-data; name="text"title------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwAContent-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="chrome.png"Content-Type: image/pngPNG ... content of chrome.png ...------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA--

Content-Type 也可以被指定為?application/json ，最終傳輸格式為?{"title":"test","sub":[1,2,3]} ?至于如何接收本人未經嘗試，但是可以肯定的講使用文章開頭所說的接收方式接收后轉為string類型再

發序列化是可行的。

Content-Type指定為?text/xml ?，傳輸的數據格式為

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<methodCall><methodName>examples.getStateName</methodName><params><param><value><i4>41</i4></value></param></params>
</methodCall>

此種方式，本人亦未經嘗試，接受方式可以參考上文中?application/json 的接收方式。

由于xml的格式傳輸數據，使用相對較少，相信很多同學亦不知道如何將字符串解析為對象，下文將提供一種轉換方式，供參考

            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();doc.LoadXml(weixin);//讀取xml字符串XmlElement root = doc.DocumentElement;ExmlMsg xmlMsg = new ExmlMsg(){FromUserName = root.SelectSingleNode("FromUserName").InnerText,ToUserName = root.SelectSingleNode("ToUserName").InnerText,CreateTime = root.SelectSingleNode("CreateTime").InnerText,MsgType = root.SelectSingleNode("MsgType").InnerText,};if (xmlMsg.MsgType.Trim().ToLower() == "text"){xmlMsg.Content = root.SelectSingleNode("Content").InnerText;}else if (xmlMsg.MsgType.Trim().ToLower() == "event"){xmlMsg.EventName = root.SelectSingleNode("Event").InnerText;}return xmlMsg;

        private class ExmlMsg{/// <summary>/// 本公眾賬號/// </summary>public string ToUserName { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 用戶賬號/// </summary>public string FromUserName { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 發送時間戳/// </summary>public string CreateTime { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 發送的文本內容/// </summary>public string Content { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 消息的類型/// </summary>public string MsgType { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 事件名稱/// </summary>public string EventName { get; set; }}

分類: ASP.NET

本文轉自左正博客園博客，原文鏈接：http://www.cnblogs.com/soundcode/p/7573833.html，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者

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