深度學習工作開展

by Bar Franek

由Bar Franek

深入開展深度工作：新經濟中的兩項核心能力 (Going Deeper on Deep Work: Two Core Abilities for Thriving in the New Economy)

愛深層工作的更多理由 (A Few More Reasons To Love Deep Work)

I had no idea my first article about deep work and the Pomodoro technique would resonate so well with people. I don’t know what Medium considers viral, but over 50,000 views in 10 days must mean you’re interested in this topic.

我不知道有關深度研究的第一篇文章以及番茄番茄技術會在人們中引起如此大的共鳴。我不知道Medium認為病毒性病毒是什么，但是10天內超過50,000次觀看必須表示您對這個主題感興趣。

If you’re not familiar with deep work, I can’t recommend Cal Newport’s book Deep Work enough.

如果您不熟悉深度學習，那么我不會推薦Cal Newport的書《深度學習》。

The thesis is simple. As human beings, we get distracted. More than ever because of the technology that’s designed to get our attention and engage us.

論文很簡單。作為人類，我們分心。憑借旨在吸引我們的注意力并吸引我們的技術，比以往任何時候都更加重要。

So we have to take responsibility and fight back. We have to shut off and block the things that are going to distract us.

因此，我們必須承擔責任并進行反擊。我們必須關閉并阻止將使我們分心的事情。

Not forever, but certainly during the time we’re learning or working on hard things.

不是永遠的，但是可以肯定的是，在這段時間里我們正在學習或努力工作。

Hard things are the disciplines that need weeks, months, or years of in-depth practice. Programming is a hard thing. Creativity is a hard thing. Writing is a hard thing. (The struggle to write this article without repeating myself has been a very hard thing.)

困難的事情是需要數周，數月或數年的深入實踐的學科。編程是一件難事。創造力是一件難事。寫作是一件難事。 (撰寫本文而不重復自己的努力是一件非常困難的事情。)

Removing distraction is a small, albeit very important, aspect of deep work.

消除分心是深度工作的一個小方面，盡管非常重要。

To get the most out of your talent and skills in today’s economy, you need to get great at two more things.

要在當今經濟中充分利用自己的才能和技能，您還需要在兩件事上脫穎而出。

新經濟中的兩個核心能力 (Two Core Abilities for Thriving in the New Economy)

1. The ability to quickly master hard things
1.快速掌握困難事物的能力

2. The ability to produce at an elite level, in terms of both quality and speed.
2. 在質量和速度方面都具有一流水平的生產能力。

— Deep Work p. 29
— 深度工作 p。 29

Let’s break these two abilities down.

讓我們分解這兩種能力。

1.快速掌握困難事物的能力 (1. The Ability to Quickly Master Hard Things)

What exactly, should you master?

您到底應該掌握什么？

For programmers, this depends on the person and where you’re at in your career. It’s going to be different for everybody, but I want to put emphasis on focus once more.

對于程序員而言 ，這取決于人員和您在職業生涯中所處的位置。每個人的情況都會有所不同，但我想再次強調重點。

You don’t need to learn every new language and framework, backend and frontend, that comes out. That is a recipe for having shallow knowledge of a lot of things. What’s the saying, “jack of all trades, master of none”?

您不需要學習所有出現的新語言和框架(后端和前端)。那是對很多事情有較淺知識的秘訣。這是什么意思，“萬事通，萬事通”？

Master the basics. Master the fundamentals. Master the best practices. Master soft skills like communication.

掌握基礎知識。掌握基礎知識。掌握最佳做法。掌握溝通等軟技能。

Master the skill of deep work. It’s a tool that gives you the ability to learn something hard in a reasonable amount of time.

掌握深入工作的技能。它是使您能夠在合理的時間內學到一些困難的工具。

Then, master one aspect. It can be frontend, backend, databases, data visualization, build processes, testing, whatever. If you’re in user experience, master prototyping or conducting user interviews. If you’re into writing, master copywriting or fiction.

然后，掌握一個方面。它可以是前端，后端，數據庫，數據可視化，構建過程，測試等。如果您具有用戶體驗，請熟練制作原型或進行用戶訪談。如果您喜歡寫作，請掌握文案寫作或小說創作。

For programmers, yes technology moves fast and requires change within an organization. But a large majority of your time is spent in one aspect of the development process. When needs change, you’ll need to know how to learn and master whatever the new need may be.

對于程序員來說，是的，技術日新月異，需要組織內部的變革。但是您的大部分時間都花在了開發過程的一個方面。當需求變化時，您將需要知道如何學習和掌握新的需求。

As your knowledge of one specific aspect grows, your domain knowledge grows at the same time. This makes you more of an expert and makes mastery of the next specific thing easier.

隨著您對某一特定方面的知識的增長，您的領域知識也會同時增長。這使您更像專家，并使對下一個特定事物的掌握更加容易。

For freelancers, specialization is even more important.

對于自由職業者來說 ，專業化甚至更為重要。

Do you like spending time applying to tons of jobs, never getting them because there are always specialists better than you? Do you like using non-billable hours getting “up to speed” on some software or tool when you finally land a gig? Do you like spending a month to deliver something that would have taken a week if you knew what you were doing? Do you like never being able to raise your rates?

您是否喜歡花時間申請大量工作，而總因為專家比您還好，所以他們從來沒有得到過工作？當您最終找到演出時，您是否喜歡使用非計費時間來“加速”某些軟件或工具？如果您知道自己在做什么，是否愿意花一個月的時間來交付可能需要一周才能完成的工作？您是否喜歡永遠無法提高利率？

Or would you rather be a “$90/h Laravel expert” or “$125/h copywriter specializing in the medical field”?

還是您更愿意成為“每小時$ 90的Laravel專家”或“每小時$ 125的醫學專業撰稿人”？

For side projects and single founders, you actually might end up with a general knowledge of a lot of things.

對于輔助項目和單一創始人 ，您實際上可能最終對很多事情有了一般的了解。

But really you’re mastering the art of problem solving and shipping. This means getting your stuff out in front of people, getting feedback, and solving problems. Then iterating and improving, getting a better version of your stuff in front of more people.

但是，實際上您正在掌握解決問題和運輸的藝術。這意味著要在人們面前展示自己的東西，獲得反饋并解決問題。然后進行迭代和改進，在更多人面前獲得更好的版本。

2.在質量和速度兩方面都具有出色水平的生產能力 (2. The Ability to Produce at an Elite Level, in terms of both Quality and Speed)

Beginners will spend most of their time learning, but eventually it will be time to go pro.

初學者將大部分時間都花在學習上，但最終還是該成為專業人士了。

There are so many great sites on the internet for learning something that it can be overwhelming. freeCodeCamp is just one resource that teaches you very valuable programming topics, for free. Hundreds of sites, free and paid, have sprouted up over the years.

互聯網上有很多很棒的網站供您學習，以至于無法理解。 freeCodeCamp 只是一種資源，可以免費教您非常有價值的編程主題。數以百計的網站，免費和收費的，多年來已經興起。

You can be learning forever because the rate that this stuff is produced is faster than the rate at which you can take it in.

您可以永遠學習，因為這種東西的生產速度快于您可以吸收的速度。

In a way, its another distraction that we have to train ourselves to manage or avoid.

在某種程度上，這是我們必須訓練自己去管理或避免的另一種干擾。

Knowledge without implementation is useless. If you’re not creating and producing based on what you learn, then you’re procrastinating because of fear.

沒有執行的知識是沒有用的。如果您不是根據所學知識進行創造和生產，那么您會因為恐懼而拖延。

You’re scared to Show Your Work. You’re scared that you’re not good enough or no one will like what you’ve done, or worse, no one will care.

您不敢展示自己的作品。您擔心自己不夠出色，或者沒人會喜歡您所做的事情，或者更糟的是，沒人會在意。

It’s safe to keep learning and never make anything.

繼續學習是絕對安全的。

But you have to produce.

但是你必須生產。

The words “produce at an elite level” seem daunting. Are you not good enough if you’re not one of the best in the world? Absolutely not.

“精英生產”一詞似乎令人生畏。如果您不是世界上最好的之一，您還不夠好嗎？絕對不。

At the very least, let’s start with the job you were hired to do.

至少，讓我們從被雇用要做的工作開始。

Delivering good work, on time, is good, if not great, for most companies. Delivering great work, on or ahead of schedule, is considered elite. Deep work allows you to do that, even as a beginner.

對于大多數公司而言，準時交付良好的工作對他們來說是件好事，即使不是很好。按計劃或提前交付出色的工作被認為是精英。深入的工作使您即使初學者也可以做到這一點。

When you get better at deep work, and when you get better at your skill or field over time, that’s when the quality and quantity of your output grows exponentially.

當您在深層工作中變得更好時，并且隨著時間的推移而在技能或領域上變得更好時，這就是輸出的質量和數量成倍增長的時候。

Think of a flywheel. At first, you apply a lot force to rotate it a little. But the energy you spent is still there, stored in the momentum. When you stop applying energy, it begins to slow down. When you apply more energy, it moves faster and faster. Keep applying energy to the momentum and at a certain point its moving so fast it can’t be stopped. (Physics people don’t be mad if I butchered this analogy)

想想飛輪。首先，您需要施加很大的力使其稍微旋轉。但是，你所消耗的能量仍然存在，并儲存在動量中 。當您停止施加能量時，它開始變慢。當您施加更多能量時，它運動的越來越快。繼續向動量施加能量，并在某一時刻動量如此之快，以至于無法停止。 (如果我挑剔了這個類比，物理學家們就不會生氣)

Multiply the force of deep work with the force of learning something hard, to produce higher quality at a faster rate.

將深層工作的力量與艱苦學習的力量相乘，以更快的速度產生更高的質量。

反饋對于質量至關重要 (Feedback is Essential for Quality)

One quick note on feedback. You have to get feedback to measure and improve your quality.

關于反饋的簡短說明。您必須獲得反饋，以衡量和提高質量。

Quality can mean a lot of things. For example, code quality:

質量可能意味著很多事情。例如，代碼質量：

“Beautiful code is short and concise, so if you were to give that code to another programmer they would say, ‘oh, that’s well written code.’ It’s much like as if you were writing a poem” — Deep Work p.89
“漂亮的代碼簡短明了，因此，如果您將該代碼提供給另一位程序員，他們會說：'哦，那是寫得很好的代碼。' 就像您在寫詩一樣” – Deep Work p.89

Quality is broader than that though. Quality is how the outside world views and reacts to your output. You may have a quality product, but if no one wants it, that’s poor quality (in terms of your bank account.)

質量比這更廣泛。質量是外界如何看待并響應您的輸出的。您可能有一個優質的產品，但是如果沒人要，那就是劣質產品(就您的銀行帳戶而言)。

If you work on a team, you should always be getting your code reviewed and communicating with your colleagues, managers, and product people to ensure you’re going in the right direction. It doesn’t matter how fast you write code. If the code causes more problems then it solves, you won’t last long.

如果您在團隊中工作，則應該始終對代碼進行審查，并與同事，經理和產品人員進行溝通，以確保您朝著正確的方向前進。編寫代碼的速度無關緊要。如果代碼導致更多問題然后解決，您將不會持續很長時間。

If you’re a founder or working on a side project, you have to get your product out in front of the public to start getting feedback. The feedback will tell you if people like or don’t like your product. That’s quality, in terms of product-market fit.

如果您是創始人或正在從事輔助項目，則必須將產品展示在公眾面前，以開始獲得反饋。反饋將告訴您人們是否喜歡您的產品。就產品與市場的契合度而言，這就是質量。

You cannot disappear to a basement for six months to build the next cool thing that everyone will want. That is not deep work.

您不可能在六個月內消失在地下室來構建每個人都想要的下一個有趣的東西。那不是深層次的工作。

That is your ego cheering you on, fooling you into thinking you’re doing the right thing. But that is how you disappoint yourself when you finally emerge and the world tells you buzz off.

那是您的自我鼓舞，欺騙您以為自己在做正確的事情。但是，當您最終出現時，這會讓您感到失望，世界告訴您一切。

Using deep work to learn hard things quickly and produce at a high level is great for your career. But did you know its also great for your mental health and well-being?

使用深入的工作來快速學習艱苦的事情并取得高水平的成就對您的職業生涯非常有用。但是您知道它對您的心理健康也很重要嗎？

深度工作讓您熱愛自己的工作 (Deep Work Lets You Love What You Do)

“It follows that to embrace deep work in your own career, and to direct it toward cultivating your skill, is an effort that can transform a knowledge work job from a distracted, draining obligation, into something satisfying — a portal to a world full of shining, wondrous things.” — Deep Work p.91
“隨之而來的是，要在自己的職業生涯中從事深入的工作，并將其引導到培養自己的技能上，這是一項努力，可以使知識型工作崗位從分散的，枯竭的義務轉變為令人滿意的東西—通向充滿世界的門戶閃亮，奇妙的事物。” — 深入研究 p.91

What’s a better way to approach your work? Staring at the clock waiting for 5pm so you can go home and binge Netflix?

有什么更好的方法來處理您的工作？盯著時鐘等待下午5點，這樣您就可以回家狂歡Netflix嗎？

Or being really good at something, and getting recognized for the skills and abilities that you’ve build up over the years?

還是真正擅長某事，并因您多年來積累的技能和能力而受到認可？

That should be a easy decision.

那應該是一個容易的決定。

There’s a popular saying that you should “follow your passion so you’ll never work another day in your life.”

有一種流行的說法，你應該“跟隨自己的激情，這樣就不會再有工作了。”

That’s simply not true for most people.

對于大多數人而言，事實并非如此。

For one, a lot of people don’t have passions. Maybe we do, but it’s very hard to define. I’m one of those people. I enjoy and love a lot of things, but I couldn’t tell you one thing that I’m truly ‘passionate’ about.

首先，很多人沒有激情。也許可以，但是很難定義。我就是其中之一。我喜歡和喜歡很多東西，但我無法告訴您我真正“充滿激情”的一件事。

Next, monetizing your passion is a great way to start hating your passion. There’s a whole lot of not-fun stuff involved with running a business. When it doesn’t go well, you start to resent the passion that got you into the mess in the first place.

接下來，將您的激情貨幣化是開始討厭您的激情的好方法。經營企業涉及很多不愉快的事情。當進展不順利時，您會開始反感最初讓您陷入混亂的激情。

It’s a risky bet to “follow your passion” when its not genuine. It’s also risky bet to commercialize your passion too much (like when artists “sell out” and start hating what they do.)

當這不是真的時，“跟隨您的激情”是冒險的選擇。過多地將您的激情商業化也是冒險的(例如當藝術家“賣光”并開始討厭他們的工作時)。

Instead, you become passionate about something when you get great at it.

取而代之的是，你成為充滿激情的東西，當你得到它巨大的。

You end up loving the challenge and the sense of accomplishment that doing your work brings (see the next section on flow).

您最終會愛上工作所帶來的挑戰和成就感(請參閱下一節“流程”)。

I’m not passionate about programming. I will never write a book about algorithms or coding patterns.

我對編程沒有熱情。我永遠不會寫有關算法或編碼模式的書。

But I love what I do because I’m good at it. Everyday I stretch my skills and understanding a little more than yesterday. Some days I concentrate on learning something new (like finally figuring out how to configure Webpack). Others days I revisit some shoddy code I wrote a year ago to try and make it better.

但是我喜歡我做的事，因為我很擅長。我每天都比昨天更多地延伸自己的技能和理解力。有幾天我專注于學習新知識(例如終于弄清楚如何配置Webpack)。有時候，我會重溫我一年前編寫的一些偽劣代碼，以嘗試使其變得更好。

Yes, some people do have passions and do make a great living with them. People with natural talents like singers and athletes fall into this category. But natural gifts are discovered early, so the feedback loop of challenge and reward develops much sooner.

是的，有些人確實有激情，也做出了巨大的生活和他們在一起。具有天賦的人(例如歌手和運動員)屬于此類。但是自然禮物是較早發現的，因此挑戰和獎勵的反饋回路發展得更快。

For the rest of us, its disingenuous to tell people that the only way they’ll ever be happy in life is “to follow your passion.”

對于我們其他人而言，告訴別人他們生活中唯一快樂的唯一方式就是“跟隨您的熱情”。

深度工作創造流程 (Deep Work Creates Flow)

Before you even heard the word flow or deep work, there had to have been a time in your earlier life where you were lost in your work or hobby. When hours flew by. Perhaps you were learning an instrument or getting into painting. Or you just discovered freeCodecamp.org and crushed 10 lessons in a day.

在您甚至還沒有聽說過“流動”或“深入工作”這兩個詞之前，您早年一定有一段時間迷失了工作或愛好。幾小時過去了。也許您正在學習一種樂器或正在繪畫。或者您只是發現了freeCodecamp.org，并一天粉碎了10堂課。

For some unexplained reason, you felt happy. And you were proud of what you ultimately created, and that made you happy too.

由于某些無法解釋的原因，您感到高興。您為自己最終創造的東西感到自豪，這也使您感到高興。

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi studied and popularized the term flow back in the 80’s and 90’s. If you want to read more about flow, he’s written a few books on the topic.

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi在80年代和90年代研究并普及了流這個術語。如果您想了解有關流量的更多信息，他就該主題寫了幾本書。

“‘The best moments usually occur when a person’s body or mind is stretched to its limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish something difficult and worthwhile.’

“'最好的時刻通常是在一個人的身體或思想被自愿伸張以達到困難和有價值的事情的極限時發生的。”

[…] studies confirmed, the more such flow experiences that occur in a given week, the higher the subject’s life satisfaction. Human beings, it seems, are at their best when immersed deeply in something challenging.” — Deep Work p.84
[…]研究證實，在給定的一周中發生的此類流動經歷越多，受試者的生活滿意度就越高。當人們深深地沉浸在具有挑戰性的事物中時，人類似乎處于最佳狀態。” — 深度學習 p.84

Finding flow can be very elusive. It’s hard to quantify and its definitely one of those “you’ll know it when you see it” type of things.

尋找流程可能非常難以捉摸。很難量化，這絕對是其中一種“看到時就會知道”的東西。

“In work (and especially knowledge work), to increase the time you spend in a state of depth is to leverage the complex machinery of the human brain in a way that for several different neurological reasons maximizes the meaning and satisfaction you’ll associate with your working life.” — Deep Work p.82
“在工作(尤其是知識工作)中，增加花在深度狀態上的時間就是利用人腦的復雜機制，這種方式可以出于多種神經學原因而最大化與之相關的意義和滿意度您的工作生活。” — 深度學習 p.82

You are guaranteed to find more flow doing deep work than you ever will when living a distracted life.

保證您在分心的生活中從事深層工作的人比以往任何時候都多。

深入的工作使您更好地避免在其他地方分心 (Deep Work Makes You Better at Avoiding Distraction Elsewhere)

When you train the deep work muscle, it overflows into other aspects of your life.

當您訓練深層工作肌肉時，它會滲入您生活的其他方面。

You get better at avoiding the trivial distractions that make us feel like crap. Is there anything worse than feeling like you’re not good enough because you scrolled past someone’s vacation post on Instagram? The fear of missing out is a real thing.

您會更好地避免讓我們感到無聊的瑣碎干擾。有什么比您因為在Instagram上瀏覽某人的度假帖子而感覺自己不夠出色的感覺還差的東西嗎？害怕錯過的機會是真實的。

Facebook, Instagram, and all the rest are highlight reels. We filter out all the crap in our lives and post only the best moments to these platforms. So you’re comparing this very second of your life to someone’s best moment of their best day of the past few months? What’s that going to get you besides some misery?

Facebook，Instagram和其他所有內容都是亮點。我們過濾掉生活中所有的垃圾，僅將最佳時刻發布到這些平臺上。因此，您正在將人生的第二秒與某人過去幾個月中最好的時光進行比較嗎？除了一些痛苦之外，還能使您得到什么？

Instead, learn to go deeper with your leisure time. Reading a fiction book, gardening, housework, whatever. Turn off your phone and do only the thing you’re supposed to be doing until its done and done well.

相反，學會在閑暇時間更深入。讀小說，園藝，做家務等等。關閉手機，然后只做您應該做的事情，直到做完為止。

深入的工作為重要的事情創造了更多的時間 (Deep Work Creates More Time for Important Things)

Focused, deep work is concentrated time. When you’re doing it right, you create more time for your family, friends, and leisure.

專注，深入的工作是集中的時間。如果做得對，您會為家人，朋友和休閑時間創造更多時間。

Compare that to a life that’s wired for distraction, so much that you look for distraction to feel good. Or a life that doesn’t shut off from busyness. When you’re constantly checking email, getting pinged by notifications, and dealing with non-emergencies, you can seem “busy” from the moment you wake up to the moment you fall asleep. “Sorry I don’t have time for you, I’m busy.”

相比之下，這種生活會分散注意力，讓您尋找分散注意力的感覺。或是生活不會因忙碌而中斷。當您不斷檢查電子郵件，通過通知查驗ping并處理非緊急情況時，從您醒來的那一刻到您入睡的那一刻，您似乎顯得“很忙”。 “對不起，我沒有時間陪你，我很忙。”

What are we doing this all for if its not to enjoy life and the people around us?

如果不享受生活和我們周圍的人，我們怎么辦呢？

Not only can you free up more time, but you can go deeper on your relationships too.

您不僅可以騰出更多時間，而且可以更深入地處理人際關系。

I (well, most developers) cannot stand the 90% of recruiters who spam cookie-cutter job descriptions. They send the same message to dozens of other developers, changing only the first line. [Hi, First name!] There’s zero quality to the relationship because they’re only focused on quantity.

我(嗯，大多數開發人員)無法忍受90％的垃圾郵件切工職位描述的招聘人員。他們將相同的消息發送給其他數十名開發人員，僅更改第一行。 [嗨，名字！]關系的質量為零，因為它們只關注數量。

But I will absolutely work with a recruiter that has read up on my background, and understands what kind of jobs I would be a good fit for. Great recruiters take you out to lunch to have a thoughtful conversation.

但是，我絕對會與招聘人員合作，該招聘人員已經閱讀了我的背景知識，并且了解我最適合的工作。優秀的招聘人員帶您出去吃午餐，進行周到的交談。

It’s so rare but so valuable. And its valuable because its rate. Its not easy to learn to listen and put some effort into a relationship. In a way, it’s deep work.

它是如此罕見，但如此寶貴。而它的價值在于它的價值。學習傾聽并為建立關系付出一些努力并不容易。在某種程度上，這是一項艱巨的工作。

Any freelancer can do the shallow work of emailing 100 random businesses with a copy-pasted cold email. “Hi, this is all of the work I’ve done and how great I am. You should hire me!”

任何自由職業者都可以通過復制粘貼的冷電子郵件向100個隨機企業發送電子郵件，進行淺層工作。 “嗨，這是我所做的所有工作，以及我的成就。你應該雇用我！”

It takes a lot of effort to carefully review ten business websites so you can provide each one with free advice on how to improve their business.

仔細審查十個商業網站需要花費大量精力，因此您可以為每個網站提供有關如何改善其業務的免費建議。

Or it takes a lot of effort to organize a meet-up for developers in your area so everyone can learn from each other.

或者為組織您所在地區的開發人員的聚會而花費很多精力，以便每個人都可以互相學習。

The point is creating value for others isn’t easy. Learning to have a conversation and a meaningful relationship isn’t easy. But doing these things are far fulfilling and effective than living a shallow life.

關鍵是要為他人創造價值并不容易。學習進行對話和建立有意義的關系并不容易。但是，做這些事情比過著膚淺的生活要有意義和有效得多。

你走之前 (Before You Go)

If you liked this article, give me a follow on Medium (Bar Franek). It lets me know that you fine folks enjoy my writing and I should do more of it. I have one more article in the works about the types of deep work with a few more actionable techniques.

如果您喜歡本文，請在Medium( Bar Franek )上給予我關注。它使我知道，你們好人們喜歡我的寫作，我應該做更多。我的作品中還有另一篇關于深度工作類型的文章，其中介紹了一些可行的技術。

The books I talked about in this post

我在這篇文章中談論的書

Deep Work by Cal Newport. I can’t recommend this book enough.
Cal Newport的《深入工作》。我對這本書的推薦不夠。
Show Your Work by Austin Kleon. Great short read for creatives and programmers alike.
奧斯汀·克萊恩(Austin Kleon) 展示作品。非常適合廣告主和程序員的簡短閱讀。
Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. I read one of his books a long time ago and I can’t remember if it was this one.
流程： Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi 的最佳體驗心理學。我很久以前就讀過他的一本書，我不記得是否是這本書。