IP別名與多網卡綁定(RHEL5/RHEL6)

RHEL6的網絡管理與RHEL5的有比較大的改變。
雖然在RHEL5、6中均安裝有NetworkManager，在RHEL5中2、3、4、5級別中默認是不啟用的。
但在RHEL6中，默認是啟用的，NetworkManager會一直監控網卡狀態，修改網卡參數立即生效不用重啟服務。?
 
  1. [root@rhel5?~]#?chkconfig?--list?NetworkManager?? #默認開機不自動啟動NetworkManager服務
  2. NetworkManager??0:off??1:off??2:off??3:off??4:off??5:off??6:off??
  3.  [root@rhel6?~]#?chkconfig?--list?NetworkManager?? #默認開機自動啟動NetworkManager服務 
  4. NetworkManager??0:off??1:off??2:on???3:on???4:on???5:on???6:off??
·?IP別名
 
 
  1.  RHEL5：?
  2. [root@rhel5?~]#?/etc/init.d/NetworkManager?status?
  3. NetworkManager?已停?
  4. ?
  5. [root@rhel5?~]#?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0?
  6.  #?Intel?Corporation?82545EM?Gigabit?Ethernet?Controller?(Copper)?
  7. DEVICE=eth0?
  8. ONBOOT=yes?
  9. TYPE=Ethernet?
  10. BOOTPROTO=none?
  11.  IPADDR=192.168.1.90?
  12. NETWORK=255.255.255.0?
  13. GATEWAY=192.168.1.1?
  14. DNS1=8.8.8.8?
  15. DNS2=8.8.4.4?
  16. [root@rhel5?~]#?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1? #配置IP別名需要添加虛擬網卡eht0:1
  17.  #?Intel?Corporation?82545EM?Gigabit?Ethernet?Controller?(Copper)?
  18. DEVICE=eth0:1?
  19. ONBOOT=yes?
  20. TYPE=Ethernet?
  21. BOOTPROTO=none?
  22. IPADDR=192.168.2.90?
  23. NETWORK=255.255.255.0?
  24. DNS1=8.8.8.8?
  25. DNS2=8.8.4.4?
  26. ?
  27. [root@rhel5?~]#?ip?add?show?eth0?
  28. 7:?eth0:?<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>?mtu?1500?qdisc?noqueue??
  29. ????link/ether?00:0c:29:db:14:10?brd?ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff?
  30. ????inet?192.168.1.90/24?brd?192.168.1.255?scope?global?eth0?
  31. ????inet?192.168.2.90/24?brd?192.168.2.255?scope?global?eth0:1?
  32. ?
  33.  RHEL6：?
  34. [root@rhel6?~]#?/etc/init.d/NetworkManager?status?
  35. NetworkManager?(pid??2808)?is?running...?
  36. ?
  37. [root@rhel6?~]#?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0??
  38. DEVICE=eth0?
  39. ONBOOT=yes?
  40.  NM_CONTROLLED=yes?
  41. TYPE=Ethernet?
  42. BOOTPROTO=none?
  43. HWADDR=00:0C:29:BF:45:80?
  44. IPADDR=192.168.1.119?
  45. NETWORK=255.255.255.0?
  46. GATEWAY=192.168.1.1?
  47. IPADDR2=192.168.2.119? #配置IP別名可直接在eth0中添加IP地址
  48. NETWORK=255.255.255.0?
  49. DNS1=8.8.8.8????????????????????#可直接在/etc/resolv.conf中寫入"nameserver?8.8.8.8"?
  50. DNS2=8.8.4.4?????????????
  51. ?
  52. [root@rhel6?~]#?ip?add?show?eth0?
  53. 2:?eth0:?<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>?mtu?1500?qdisc?pfifo_fast?state?UP?qlen?1000?
  54. ????link/ether?00:0c:29:bf:45:80?brd?ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff?
  55. ????inet?192.168.1.119/24?brd?192.168.1.255?scope?global?eth0?
  56. ????inet?192.168.2.119/24?brd?192.168.2.255?scope?global?eth0?
·?多網卡綁定?bonding?
 
  •  
    RHEL5
     
 
  1. [root@rhel5?~]#?cat?/etc/modprobe.conf?
  2. alias?bond0?bonding?
  3. options?bonding miimon=100?mode=1? #每隔100ms監測一次鏈路狀態,HA模式
  4. ?
  5. [root@rhel5?~]#?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0??
  6. DEVICE=bond0?
  7. ONBOOT=yes?
  8. TYPE=Ethernet?
  9. BOOTPROTO=none?
  10. IPADDR=192.168.1.90?
  11. NETMASK=255.255.255.0?
  12. [root@rhel5?~]#?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0?
  13. DEVICE=eth0?
  14. ONBOOT=yes?
  15. TYPE=Ethernet?
  16. BOOTPROTO=none?
  17. MASTER=bond0?
  18. SLAVE=yes?
  19. [root@rhel5?~]#?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1?
  20. DEVICE=eth1?
  21. ONBOOT=yes?
  22. TYPE=Ethernet?
  23. BOOTPROTO=none?
  24. MASTER=bond0?
  25. SLAVE=yes?
  26. ?
  27. [root@rhel5?~]#?ifconfig?
  28. bond0?????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?00:0C:29:DB:14:10???
  29. ??????????inet?addr:192.168.1.90??Bcast:192.168.1.255??Mask:255.255.255.0?
  30. ??????????inet6?addr:?fe80::20c:29ff:fedb:1410/64?Scope:Link?
  31. ??????????UP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?MASTER?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1?
  32. ??????????RX?packets:1229?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0?
  33. ??????????TX?packets:589?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0?
  34. ??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:0??
  35. ??????????RX?bytes:92885?(90.7?KiB)??TX?bytes:78052?(76.2?KiB)?
  36. ?
  37. eth0??????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?00:0C:29:DB:14:10???
  38. ??????????UP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?SLAVE?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1?
  39. ??????????RX?packets:530?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0?
  40. ??????????TX?packets:291?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0?
  41. ??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:0??
  42. ??????????RX?bytes:40654?(39.7?KiB)??TX?bytes:40137?(39.1?KiB)?
  43. ?
  44. eth1??????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?00:0C:29:DB:14:10???
  45. ??????????UP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?SLAVE?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1?
  46. ??????????RX?packets:714?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0?
  47. ??????????TX?packets:310?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0?
  48. ??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:1000??
  49. ??????????RX?bytes:53177?(51.9?KiB)??TX?bytes:39827?(38.8?KiB)?
  50. ?
  51. [root@rhel5 ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 
  52. Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.4.0 (October 7, 2008) 
  53. ?
  54. Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)  #HA模式 
  55. Primary Slave: None 
  56.  Currently Active Slave: eth0  #主網卡：eth0  
  57. MII Status: up 
  58. MII Polling Interval (ms): 100  #檢測時間：100ms 
  59. Up Delay (ms): 0 
  60. Down Delay (ms): 0 
  61. ?
  62. Slave Interface: eth0 
  63. MII Status: up 
  64.  Link Failure Count: 0  
  65. Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:db:14:10 
  66. ?
  67. Slave Interface: eth1 
  68. MII Status: up 
  69. Link Failure Count: 0 
  70. Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:db:14:1a
  • RHEL6
 
  1. [root@rhel6?~]#?cat?/etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf?? #區別于RHEL5的/etc/modprobe.conf
  2. alias?bond0?bonding?
  3. [root@rhel6?~]#?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0?????
  4. DEVICE=bond0?
  5. ONBOOT=yes?
  6. BOOTPROTO=none?
  7. NM_CONTROLLED=no?
  8. IPADDR=192.168.1.119?
  9. NETMASK=255.255.255.0?
  10. BONDING_OPTS="MODE=0?MIIMON=1000"? #1000ms監測一次鏈路狀態,LB模式
  11. [root@rhel6?~]#?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0?
  12. DEVICE=eth0?
  13. ONBOOT=yes?
  14. NM_CONTROLLED=no?
  15. TYPE=Ethernet?
  16. BOOTPROTO=none?
  17. MASTER=bond0?
  18. SLAVE=yes?
  19. [root@rhel6?~]#?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1?
  20. DEVICE=eth1?
  21. ONBOOT=yes?
  22. NM_CONTROLLED=no?
  23. TYPE=Ethernet?
  24. BOOTPROTO=none?
  25. MASTER=bond0?
  26. SLAVE=yes?
  27. ?
  28. [root@rhel6?~]#?ifconfig?
  29. bond0?????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?00:0C:29:BF:45:80???
  30. ??????????inet?addr:192.168.1.119??Bcast:192.168.1.255??Mask:255.255.255.0?
  31. ??????????inet6?addr:?fe80::20c:29ff:febf:4580/64?Scope:Link?
  32. ??????????UP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?MASTER?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1?
  33. ??????????RX?packets:3133?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0?
  34. ??????????TX?packets:619?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0?
  35. ??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:0??
  36. ??????????RX?bytes:275036?(268.5?KiB)??TX?bytes:86282?(84.2?KiB)?
  37. ?
  38. eth0??????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?00:0C:29:BF:45:80???
  39. ??????????inet?addr:192.168.1.119??Bcast:192.168.1.255??Mask:255.255.255.0?
  40. ??????????UP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?SLAVE?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1?
  41. ??????????RX?packets:2317?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0?
  42. ??????????TX?packets:309?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0?
  43. ??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:1000??
  44. ??????????RX?bytes:207976?(203.1?KiB)??TX?bytes:48317?(47.1?KiB)?
  45. ?
  46. eth1??????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?00:0C:29:BF:45:8A???
  47. ??????????inet?addr:192.168.1.119??Bcast:192.168.1.255??Mask:255.255.255.0?
  48. ??????????UP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?SLAVE?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1?
  49. ??????????RX?packets:816?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0?
  50. ??????????TX?packets:312?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0?
  51. ??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:1000??
  52. ??????????RX?bytes:67060?(65.4?KiB)??TX?bytes:38801?(37.8?KiB)
  53. [root@rhel6 ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 
  54. Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.6.0 (September 26, 2009) 
  55. ?
  56.  Bonding Mode: load balancing (round-robin)  #LB模式  
  57. MII Status: up 
  58.  MII Polling Interval (ms): 1000  #監測時間1000ms  
  59. Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 
  60. ?
  61. Slave Interface: eth0 
  62. MII Status: up 
  63. Speed: 1000 Mbps 
  64. Duplex: full Link 
  65. Failure Count: 0 
  66. Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:bf:45:80 
  67. Slave queue ID: 0 
  68. ?
  69. Slave Interface: eth1 
  70. MII Status: up 
  71. Speed: 1000 Mbps 
  72. Duplex: full 
  73. Link Failure Count: 0 
  74. Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:bf:45:8a 
  75. Slave queue ID: 0 ?
?以下是摘自Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Essentials eBook?
 
 
  1. 1.For?example,?if?two?Ethernet?interfaces?are?being?channel?bonded,?both?eth0?and?eth1?may?look?like?the?following?example:?DEVICE=eth<N>??
  2. BOOTPROTO=none??
  3. ONBOOT=yes??
  4. MASTER=bond0??
  5. SLAVE=yes??
  6. USERCTL=no??
  7. ??
  8. 2.cp?/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-eth0?/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-bond0?
  9. DEVICE=bond0??
  10. IPADDR=192.168.1.1??
  11. NETMASK=255.255.255.0??
  12. ONBOOT=yes??
  13. BOOTPROTO=none??
  14. USERCTL=no??
  15. BONDING_OPTS="<bonding?parameters?separated?by?spaces>"?
  16. ???
  17. 3.As?root,?create?a?new?file?named?<bonding>.conf?in?the?/etc/modprobe.d/?directory.?Note?that?you?can?name?this?file?anything?you?like?as?long?as?it?ends?with?a?.conf?extension.?Insert?the?following?line?in?this?new?file:?
  18. ??alias?bond<N>?bonding??
  19. ??
  20. 4.You?can?configure?each?bond?individually?by?manipulating?the?files?located?in?the?/sys/class/net/bond<N>/bonding/?directory.?First,?the?bond?you?are?configuring?must?be?taken?down:
  21.  #?ifconfig?bond0?down?
  22. As?an?example,?to?enable?MII?monitoring?on?bond0?with?a?1?second?interval,?you?could?run?(as?root):?
  23. ??#?echo?1000?>?/sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/miimon?
  24. To?configure?bond0?for?balance-alb?mode,?you?could?run?either:?
  25. ??#?echo?6?>?/sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/mode?
  26. ...or,?using?the?name?of?the?mode:?
  27. ??#?echo?balance-alb?>?/sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/mode??
  28. ??
  29. Mode?of?operation?:?0?for?balance-rr,?1?for?active-backup,?2?for?balance-xor,?3?for?broadcast,?4?for?802.3ad,?5?for?balance-tlb,?6?for?balance-alb?(charp)?
  • 切換測試：
 
  1. 1).?切斷eth0的連接前,eth1處于Slave狀態,通過以下命令可監測鏈路統計信息,發現eth1無數據的收發(只接收來自eth0的監測報文)?
  2. [root@rhel6?~]#?watch?'ip?-s?link?show?eth1'????????#默認每隔2s運行一次'ip?-s?link?show?eth1'?
  3. Every?2.0s:?ip?-s?link?show?eth1??????????????????????????????????Wed?Nov?21?02:13:48?2012?
  4. ?
  5. 3:?eth1:?<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP>?mtu?1500?qdisc?pfifo_fast?master?bond0?qlen?1000?
  6. ????link/ether?00:0c:29:db:14:10?brd?ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff?
  7. ????RX:?bytes??packets??errors??dropped?overrun?mcast?
  8. ????137357?????1916?????0???????0???????0???????0?
  9. ????TX:?bytes??packets??errors??dropped?carrier?collsns?
  10. ????41562??????441??????0???????0???????0???????0?
  11. ?
  12. 2).?切斷eth0的連接后,eth1立即自動切換為Active狀態(通過客戶端ping?-t?192.168.1.90?未出現丟包現象),可發現eth1出現了數據的收發?
  13. [root@rhel5?~]#?ifdown?eth0?
  14. [root@rhel5?~]#?ifconfig??
  15. bond0?????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?00:0C:29:DB:14:10???
  16. ??????????inet?addr:192.168.1.90??Bcast:192.168.1.255??Mask:255.255.255.0?
  17. ??????????inet6?addr:?fe80::20c:29ff:fedb:1410/64?Scope:Link?
  18. ??????????UP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?MASTER?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1?
  19. ??????????RX?packets:13276?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0?
  20. ??????????TX?packets:890?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0?
  21. ??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:0??
  22. ??????????RX?bytes:874191?(853.7?KiB)??TX?bytes:96900?(94.6?KiB)?
  23. ?
  24. eth1??????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?00:0C:29:DB:14:10???
  25. ??????????UP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?SLAVE?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1?
  26. ??????????RX?packets:13276?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0?
  27. ??????????TX?packets:890?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0?
  28. ??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:1000??
  29. ??????????RX?bytes:874191?(853.7?KiB)??TX?bytes:96900?(94.6?KiB)?
  30. ?
  31. [root@rhel5?~]#?cat?/proc/net/bonding/bond0??
  32. Ethernet?Channel?Bonding?Driver:?v3.4.0?(October?7,?2008)?
  33. ?
  34. Bonding?Mode:?fault-tolerance?(active-backup)?
  35. Primary?Slave:?None?
  36. Currently?Active?Slave:?eth1?
  37. MII?Status:?up?
  38. MII?Polling?Interval?(ms):?100?
  39. Up?Delay?(ms):?0?
  40. Down?Delay?(ms):?0?
  41. ?
  42. Slave?Interface:?eth1?
  43. MII?Status:?up?
  44. Link?Failure?Count:?0?
  45. Permanent?HW?addr:?00:0c:29:db:14:1a?
  46. ?
  47. 3).?重新連接上eth0后,eth0不會自動切換到Active狀態,且不會有數據的收發?
  48. [root@rhel5?~]#?ifup?eth0?
  49. [root@rhel5?~]#?ifconfig?eth0?
  50. eth0??????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?00:0C:29:DB:14:10???
  51. ??????????UP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?SLAVE?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1?
  52. ??????????RX?packets:2?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0?
  53. ??????????TX?packets:0?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0?
  54. ??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:0??
  55. ??????????RX?bytes:120?(120.0?b)??TX?bytes:0?(0.0?b)?
  56. [root@rhel5?~]#?cat?/proc/net/bonding/bond0??
  57. Ethernet?Channel?Bonding?Driver:?v3.4.0?(October?7,?2008)?
  58. ?
  59. Bonding?Mode:?fault-tolerance?(active-backup)?
  60. Primary?Slave:?None?
  61. Currently?Active?Slave:?eth1?
  62. MII?Status:?up?
  63. MII?Polling?Interval?(ms):?1000?
  64. Up?Delay?(ms):?0?
  65. Down?Delay?(ms):?0?
  66. ?
  67. ?
  68. Slave?Interface:?eth1?
  69. MII?Status:?up?
  70. Link?Failure?Count:?0?
  71. Permanent?HW?addr:?00:0c:29:db:14:1a?
  72. ?
  73. Slave?Interface:?eth0?
  74. MII?Status:?up?
  75. Link?Failure?Count:?0?
  76. Permanent?HW?addr:?00:0c:29:db:14:10?
? ? ? 本文轉自Vnimos51CTO博客，原文鏈接：http://blog.51cto.com/vnimos/1065384，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者
 

 





    











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