爬蟲之拉勾網職位獲取

重點在于演示urllib.request.Request()請求中各項參數的 書寫格式 譬如： url data headers...

Demo演示（POST請求）:

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import json, jsonpath, csv

url = "https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?city=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&needAddtionalResult=false"
headers = {
??? "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.單線程",
??? "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
??? "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
??? "Connection": "keep-alive",
??? "Content-Length": "38",
??? "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
??? "Cookie": "_ga=GA1.2.1963509933.1531996888; user_trace_token=20180719184127-4a8c7914-8b40-11e8-9eb6-525400f775ce; LGUID=20180719184127-4a8c7df2-8b40-11e8-9eb6-525400f775ce; JSESSIONID=ABAAABAAAIAACBI0F0B14254DA54E3CCF3B1F22FE32B179; _gid=GA1.2.1918046323.1536408617; Hm_lvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1536408620; X_HTTP_TOKEN=339034308973d0bd323cc0b9b6b3203a; LG_LOGIN_USER_ID=24096d6ba723e146bd326de981ab924b23c1f21775136c3a8be953e855211e61; _putrc=95519B7FB60FCF58123F89F2B170EADC; login=true; unick=%E9%A9%AC%E7%BB%A7%E4%B8%9A; showExpriedIndex=1; showExpriedCompanyHome=1; showExpriedMyPublish=1; hasDeliver=55; gate_login_token=3b4fa15daef090780ae377bbcd66dc83af9af0cc6a7f1dd697770790f3b9f9ef; index_location_city=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7; TG-TRACK-CODE=search_code; _gat=1; LGSID=20180908221639-cd6d2a72-b371-11e8-b62b-5254005c3644; PRE_UTM=; PRE_HOST=; PRE_SITE=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagou.com%2Fjobs%2Flist_python%3FlabelWords%3D%26fromSearch%3Dtrue%26suginput%3D; PRE_LAND=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagou.com%2Fjobs%2Flist_%25E7%2588%25AC%25E8%2599%25AB%3Fcity%3D%25E4%25B8%258A%25E6%25B5%25B7%26cl%3Dfalse%26fromSearch%3Dtrue%26labelWords%3D%26suginput%3D; SEARCH_ID=e559a417b4464fd9bc0b439a67ef0a5a; Hm_lpvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1536416580; LGRID=20180908222259-afed9b74-b372-11e8-b62b-5254005c3644",
??? "Host": "www.lagou.com",
??? "Origin": "https://www.lagou.com",
??? "Referer": "https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB?city=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=",
??? "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36",
??? "X-Anit-Forge-Code": "0",
??? "X-Anit-Forge-Token": "None",
??? "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest"}
# params = {"city": "上海", "needAddtionalResult": "false"}
list_position = []
for pn in range(1, 5):
??? data = {
??????? "first": "false",
??????? "pn": pn,
??????? "kd": "爬蟲"
??? }
??? # params = urllib.parse.urlencode(params)
??? # url = url + params
??? data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
??? req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=data, headers=headers)
??? print('正在請求第%d頁' % pn)
??? str_data = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
??? with open('03.html', 'wb') as f:
??????? f.write(str_data)
??? # 轉換成python對象
??? data_list = json.loads(str_data)
??? job_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(data_list, "$..result")[0]

??? for item in job_list:
??????? position_dict = {}
??????? position_dict['positionName'] = item.get('positionName')
??????? position_dict['createTime'] = item.get('createTime')
??????? position_dict['url'] = 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/' + str(item.get('positionId')) + '.html'

??????? position_dict['salary'] = item.get('salary')
??????? position_dict['workYear'] = item.get('workYear')
??????? position_dict['companySize'] = item.get('companySize')
??????? list_position.append(position_dict)

# 保存到json文件
json.dump(list_position, open('03.json', 'w'))

# 保存到csv文件? 'gbk' codec can't encode character '\u200b' in position 0: illegal multibyte seq
csv_writer = csv.writer(open('04.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8'))
sheets = list_position[0].keys()? # 表頭
row_content = []
for item in list_position:
??? row_content.append(item.values())? # 內容
try:
??? csv_writer.writerow(sheets)
??? csv_writer.writerows(row_content)
except Exception as e:
??? print(e)

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import json, jsonpath, csv

url = "https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?city=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&needAddtionalResult=false"
headers = {
    "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.單線程",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Content-Length": "38",
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
    "Cookie": "_ga=GA1.2.1963509933.1531996888; user_trace_token=20180719184127-4a8c7914-8b40-11e8-9eb6-525400f775ce; LGUID=20180719184127-4a8c7df2-8b40-11e8-9eb6-525400f775ce; JSESSIONID=ABAAABAAAIAACBI0F0B14254DA54E3CCF3B1F22FE32B179; _gid=GA1.2.1918046323.1536408617; Hm_lvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1536408620; X_HTTP_TOKEN=339034308973d0bd323cc0b9b6b3203a; LG_LOGIN_USER_ID=24096d6ba723e146bd326de981ab924b23c1f21775136c3a8be953e855211e61; _putrc=95519B7FB60FCF58123F89F2B170EADC; login=true; unick=%E9%A9%AC%E7%BB%A7%E4%B8%9A; showExpriedIndex=1; showExpriedCompanyHome=1; showExpriedMyPublish=1; hasDeliver=55; gate_login_token=3b4fa15daef090780ae377bbcd66dc83af9af0cc6a7f1dd697770790f3b9f9ef; index_location_city=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7; TG-TRACK-CODE=search_code; _gat=1; LGSID=20180908221639-cd6d2a72-b371-11e8-b62b-5254005c3644; PRE_UTM=; PRE_HOST=; PRE_SITE=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagou.com%2Fjobs%2Flist_python%3FlabelWords%3D%26fromSearch%3Dtrue%26suginput%3D; PRE_LAND=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagou.com%2Fjobs%2Flist_%25E7%2588%25AC%25E8%2599%25AB%3Fcity%3D%25E4%25B8%258A%25E6%25B5%25B7%26cl%3Dfalse%26fromSearch%3Dtrue%26labelWords%3D%26suginput%3D; SEARCH_ID=e559a417b4464fd9bc0b439a67ef0a5a; Hm_lpvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1536416580; LGRID=20180908222259-afed9b74-b372-11e8-b62b-5254005c3644",
    "Host": "www.lagou.com",
    "Origin": "https://www.lagou.com",
    "Referer": "https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB?city=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36",
    "X-Anit-Forge-Code": "0",
    "X-Anit-Forge-Token": "None",
    "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest"}
# params = {"city": "上海", "needAddtionalResult": "false"}
list_position = []
for pn in range(1, 5):
    data = {
        "first": "false",
        "pn": pn,
        "kd": "爬蟲"
    }
    # params = urllib.parse.urlencode(params)
    # url = url + params
    data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
    req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=data, headers=headers)
    print('正在請求第%d頁' % pn)
    str_data = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
    with open('03.html', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(str_data)
    # 轉換成python對象
    data_list = json.loads(str_data)
    job_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(data_list, "$..result")[0]

    for item in job_list:
        position_dict = {}
        position_dict['positionName'] = item.get('positionName')
        position_dict['createTime'] = item.get('createTime')
        position_dict['url'] = 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/' + str(item.get('positionId')) + '.html'

        position_dict['salary'] = item.get('salary')
        position_dict['workYear'] = item.get('workYear')
        position_dict['companySize'] = item.get('companySize')
        list_position.append(position_dict)

# 保存到json文件
json.dump(list_position, open('03.json', 'w'))

# 保存到csv文件  'gbk' codec can't encode character '\u200b' in position 0: illegal multibyte seq
csv_writer = csv.writer(open('04.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8'))
sheets = list_position[0].keys()  # 表頭
row_content = []
for item in list_position:
    row_content.append(item.values())  # 內容
try:
    csv_writer.writerow(sheets)
    csv_writer.writerows(row_content)
except Excepti