Ubuntu togo系統讀寫性能與原生系統測試

我前面把一個Ubuntu環境拷貝到了一個10Gbps的硬盤盒制作了一個Ubuntu togo的系統，帖子在這里，這篇文章主要用于測試使用Ubuntu togo的系統和原生系統的性能差異。

以下是測試Ubuntu togo系統與原系統性能差異的具體方案，結合移動硬盤特性及參考資料中的關鍵信息整理：
我的測試的主機的信息如下：

> inxi -Fxz
System:    Kernel: 5.15.0-131-generic x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: N/A Desktop: Gnome 3.36.9 Distro: Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS (Focal Fossa) 
Machine:   Type: Laptop System: LENOVO product: 82JQ v: Lenovo Legion R9000P2021H serial: <filter> Mobo: LENOVO model: LNVNB161216 v: SDK0T76479 WIN serial: <filter> UEFI: LENOVO v: GKCN65WW date: 01/16/2024 
Battery:   ID-1: BAT0 charge: 69.0 Wh condition: 69.0/80.0 Wh (86%) model: Celxpert L20C4PC1 status: Full Device-1: hidpp_battery_0 model: Logitech MX Keys Wireless Keyboard charge: 100% (should be ignored) status: Discharging Device-2: hidpp_battery_1 model: Logitech Wireless Mouse MX Master 3 charge: 100% (should be ignored) status: Discharging 
CPU:       Topology: 8-Core model: AMD Ryzen 7 5800H with Radeon Graphics bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Zen 3 L2 cache: 4096 KiB flags: avx avx2 lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 sse4a ssse3 svm bogomips: 102200 Speed: 2746 MHz max: 3200 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 2746 2: 2573 3: 2815 4: 3029 5: 3040 6: 2687 7: 3179 8: 3194 9: 3166 10: 2892 11: 2997 12: 3134 13: 2886 14: 3030 15: 2755 16: 2600 
Graphics:  Device-1: NVIDIA vendor: Lenovo driver: nvidia v: 555.42.02 bus ID: 01:00.0 Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.13 driver: nvidia unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,nouveau,vesa resolution: 2560x1440~60Hz, 2560x1600~60Hz OpenGL: renderer: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU/PCIe/SSE2 v: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 555.42.02 direct render: Yes 
Audio:     Device-1: NVIDIA driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel bus ID: 01:00.1 Device-2: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] Raven/Raven2/FireFlight/Renoir Audio Processor vendor: Lenovo driver: N/A bus ID: 06:00.5 Device-3: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] Family 17h HD Audio vendor: Lenovo driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel bus ID: 06:00.6 Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.15.0-131-generic 
Network:   Device-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Lenovo driver: r8169 v: kernel port: 1000 bus ID: 03:00.0 IF: eno1 state: down mac: <filter> Device-2: Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX200 driver: iwlwifi v: kernel port: 1000 bus ID: 04:00.0 IF: wlp4s0 state: up mac: <filter> IF-ID-1: br-67610ac5d589 state: down mac: <filter> IF-ID-2: br-7f68d848895d state: down mac: <filter> IF-ID-3: docker0 state: down mac: <filter> 
Drives:    Local Storage: total: 1.38 TiB used: 855.52 GiB (60.7%) ID-1: /dev/nvme0n1 vendor: Samsung model: MZVLB512HBJQ-000L2 size: 476.94 GiB temp: 32 C ID-2: /dev/nvme1n1 vendor: Crucial model: CT1000P2SSD8 size: 931.51 GiB temp: 37 C ID-3: /dev/sda type: USB model: SSK SSK Storage size: 931.51 GiB 
Partition: ID-1: / size: 915.32 GiB used: 855.52 GiB (93.5%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda2 
Sensors:   System Temperatures: cpu: 54.0 C mobo: N/A gpu: nvidia temp: 43 C Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A 
Info:      Processes: 455 Uptime: 21m Memory: 31.19 GiB used: 4.50 GiB (14.4%) Init: systemd runlevel: 5 Compilers: gcc: 9.4.0 Shell: zsh v: 5.8 inxi: 3.0.38

一、性能測試維度與工具

1. 磁盤讀寫性能測試

原因：移動硬盤的USB接口速度（如USB 3.0/3.2）和硬盤本身性能（如SATA/NVMe）直接影響系統響應速度。

工具：

fio（測試順序/隨機讀寫速度）：

sudo apt-get install fio
# 測試順序讀取（1GB文件，4K塊大小）
fio --name=seq_read --rw=read --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1
# 測試隨機寫入（1GB文件，4K塊大小）
fio --name=rand_write --rw=randwrite --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1

hdparm（快速測試讀取速度）：

sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sdX  # 替換sdX為移動硬盤設備名

對比項：與原系統（如內置SSD/HDD）的磁盤速度差異。

2. 系統啟動與響應速度

啟動時間：
- 使用Ubuntu togo和原系統分別冷啟動，記錄從按下電源鍵到進入桌面的時間。
應用啟動速度：
- 測試常用軟件（如Firefox、LibreOffice）的首次啟動耗時：
```
time firefox  # 記錄終端輸出的實際時間
```

3. CPU與內存性能

工具：

sysbench（綜合性能測試）：

# CPU測試（計算素數至20000）
sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 run
# 內存測試（讀寫速度）
sysbench memory --memory-block-size=1K --memory-total-size=10G run

Geekbench（跨平臺跑分工具）：
下載Linux/Windows版，分別運行并對比分數。

4. 圖形與GPU性能（如適用）

工具：
- glxgears（OpenGL基礎性能）：
```
glxgears  # 查看幀率（需安裝mesa-utils）
```
- Unigine Heaven（跨平臺GPU壓力測試）：
  在Ubuntu和原系統（如Windows）中運行，對比幀率與穩定性。

5. 實際場景測試

編譯性能：

# 編譯Linux內核（對比耗時）
time make -j$(nproc)  # 在相同項目目錄下執行

文件壓縮/解壓：

time tar -czf test.tar.gz /large_directory  # 壓縮大文件夾
time tar -xzf test.tar.gz  # 解壓對比時間

二、注意事項與優化建議

環境一致性：
- 確保兩臺系統在同一硬件上測試（如使用同一臺電腦啟動Ubuntu togo和原系統）。
- 關閉后臺程序，避免干擾測試結果。
移動硬盤性能瓶頸：
- USB接口速度可能限制磁盤性能，優先使用USB 3.2或雷電接口。
- 若使用U盤制作Ubuntu togo，性能可能顯著低于移動硬盤。
系統配置優化：
- Ubuntu togo建議禁用swap分區（減少外置存儲讀寫延遲）。
- 檢查驅動兼容性（如NVIDIA顯卡需安裝專有驅動）。

三、參考資料支持

Ubuntu與硬件性能關系：
- Ubuntu對英特爾CPU優化較好，可能優于Windows（參考）。
- 移動硬盤性能對系統流暢度影響顯著（參考）。
測試工具推薦：
- sysbench和Geekbench為跨平臺標準工具（參考）。

通過上述測試，您可以量化Ubuntu togo與原系統的性能差異，并針對性優化（如升級硬盤盒或接口）。若測試顯示磁盤性能是瓶頸，可考慮更換NVMe硬盤盒或使用雷電接口設備。

四、測試結果與分析

4.1 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(順序讀取測試)

# 測試順序讀取（1GB文件，4K塊大小）
> fio --name=seq_read --rw=read --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1# 測試參數和全局信息
seq_read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
- 測試名稱：seq_read（順序讀取）。
- 讀寫模式：rw=read（順序讀）。
- 測試文件大小：--size=1G（生成1GB的測試文件）。
- 塊大小：bs=4k（每次I/O操作讀取4KB數據）。
- 直接I/O：direct=1（繞過系統緩存，直接讀寫磁盤）。
- I/O引擎：ioengine=psync（同步I/O，每次操作等待完成）。
- I/O隊列深度：iodepth=1（每次只發1個I/O請求）。fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
seq_read: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)# 測試進程和進度
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [R(1)][100.0%][r=46.9MiB/s][r=12.0k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
- 進程數：1個進程執行測試。
- 實時帶寬：r=46.9MiB/s（每秒讀取46.9MiB）。
- 實時IOPS：r=12.0k（每秒12,000次I/O操作）。seq_read: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=66537: Mon Mar 17 15:27:49 2025# 匯總性能指標read: IOPS=12.1k, BW=47.2MiB/s (49.5MB/s)(1024MiB/21702msec)- 平均IOPS：12.1k（每秒12,100次I/O操作）。- 平均帶寬：47.2MiB/s（約49.5MB/s）。- 總數據量：1024MiB（1GB）在21702毫秒（約21.7秒）內完成。# 延遲（Latency）統計clat (usec): min=68, max=1252, avg=77.61, stdev= 7.45lat (usec): min=69, max=1253, avg=78.84, stdev= 7.47- 命令完成延遲（clat）：從I/O提交到完成的時間。- 最小值：68微秒（μs）。- 最大值：1252微秒。- 平均值：77.61微秒。- 標準差：7.45微秒（延遲波動小，性能穩定）。- 總延遲（lat）：包括I/O提交和完成的全部時間（與clat接近，因為隊列深度為1）。# 延遲百分位數clat percentiles (usec):|  1.00th=[   73],  5.00th=[   74], 10.00th=[   75], 20.00th=[   75],| 30.00th=[   77], 40.00th=[   78], 50.00th=[   78], 60.00th=[   78],| 70.00th=[   78], 80.00th=[   79], 90.00th=[   80], 95.00th=[   84],| 99.00th=[   97], 99.50th=[  113], 99.90th=[  139], 99.95th=[  145],| 99.99th=[  359]- 99%的請求在97微秒內完成。- 99.99%的請求在359微秒內完成（極少延遲異常值）。# 帶寬和IOPS波動bw (  KiB/s): min=47512, max=50008, per=100.00%, avg=48315.09, stdev=653.75, samples=43iops        : min=11878, max=12502, avg=12078.77, stdev=163.43, samples=43- 帶寬波動：標準差653.75 KiB/s（波動小，性能穩定）。- IOPS波動：標準差163.43（波動小）。# 延遲分布lat (usec)   : 100=99.22%, 250=0.76%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%- 99.22%的請求延遲小于100微秒。- 0.76%的請求延遲在100-250微秒之間。lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%# CPU和上下文切換  cpu          : usr=1.55%, sys=25.80%, ctx=262153, majf=0, minf=13- 用戶態CPU占用：1.55%（處理I/O邏輯的開銷）。- 內核態CPU占用：25.80%（系統處理I/O的消耗，因direct=1繞過緩存）。- 上下文切換次數：262153次（進程因I/O等待頻繁切換）。# I/O隊列深度和提交模式IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%issued rwts: total=262144,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1Run status group 0 (all jobs):READ: bw=47.2MiB/s (49.5MB/s), 47.2MiB/s-47.2MiB/s (49.5MB/s-49.5MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=21702-21702msec# 磁盤統計（sda）
Disk stats (read/write):sda: ios=261363/254, merge=0/92, ticks=17487/65, in_queue=17580, util=99.60%- 讀取I/O次數：261363次。- 磁盤利用率：99.60%（磁盤接近滿載，可能是性能瓶頸）。

4.2 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(順序寫入測試)

> fio --name=rand_write --rw=randwrite --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1
rand_write: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
rand_write: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][100.0%][w=41.0MiB/s][w=10.5k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
rand_write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=72630: Mon Mar 17 15:32:32 2025write: IOPS=10.3k, BW=40.1MiB/s (42.1MB/s)(1024MiB/25526msec); 0 zone resetsclat (usec): min=67, max=2822, avg=91.72, stdev=20.23lat (usec): min=69, max=2823, avg=93.00, stdev=20.24clat percentiles (usec):|  1.00th=[   84],  5.00th=[   87], 10.00th=[   88], 20.00th=[   89],| 30.00th=[   90], 40.00th=[   90], 50.00th=[   90], 60.00th=[   91],| 70.00th=[   91], 80.00th=[   92], 90.00th=[   96], 95.00th=[  103],| 99.00th=[  120], 99.50th=[  130], 99.90th=[  157], 99.95th=[  176],| 99.99th=[ 1450]bw (  KiB/s): min=38792, max=42584, per=100.00%, avg=41076.47, stdev=701.75, samples=51iops        : min= 9698, max=10646, avg=10269.12, stdev=175.44, samples=51lat (usec)   : 100=93.36%, 250=6.61%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%cpu          : usr=2.05%, sys=35.85%, ctx=262236, majf=0, minf=11IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%issued rwts: total=0,262144,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1Run status group 0 (all jobs):WRITE: bw=40.1MiB/s (42.1MB/s), 40.1MiB/s-40.1MiB/s (42.1MB/s-42.1MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=25526-25526msecDisk stats (read/write):sda: ios=21/261061, merge=0/2990, ticks=4/18037, in_queue=18076, util=99.67%

4.3 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(hdparm測試)

> sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:Timing cached reads:   29112 MB in  1.97 seconds = 14742.02 MB/secHDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Invalid argumentTiming buffered disk reads: 2118 MB in  3.00 seconds = 705.36 MB/sec

4.4 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(常用軟件啟動速度測試)

> time google-chrome
Opening in existing browser session.
google-chrome  0.02s user 0.03s system 67% cpu 0.074 total
> time code
code  0.17s user 0.10s system 62% cpu 0.418 total

4.5 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(sysbench CPU性能測試)

> sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 run
sysbench 1.0.18 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current timePrime numbers limit: 20000Initializing worker threads...Threads started!CPU speed:events per second:  1406.35General statistics:total time:                          10.0003stotal number of events:              14065Latency (ms):min:                                    0.70avg:                                    0.71max:                                    0.8795th percentile:                        0.73sum:                                 9962.88Threads fairness:events (avg/stddev):           14065.0000/0.00execution time (avg/stddev):   9.9629/0.00

4.6 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(glxgears顯卡性能測試)

> glxgears
Running synchronized to the vertical refresh.  The framerate should be
approximately the same as the monitor refresh rate.
301 frames in 5.0 seconds = 60.184 FPS
298 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.549 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.945 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.957 FPS
297 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.344 FPS
298 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.541 FPS
299 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.748 FPS

4.7 Ubuntu 原生性能測試結果分析(順序讀取測試)

不使用緩存

> fio --name=seq_read --rw=read --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1
seq_read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [R(1)][100.0%][r=19.4MiB/s][r=4962 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
seq_read: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=61096: Mon Mar 17 17:07:07 2025read: IOPS=4928, BW=19.3MiB/s (20.2MB/s)(1024MiB/53191msec)clat (usec): min=67, max=3902, avg=196.99, stdev=40.80lat (usec): min=68, max=3904, avg=198.36, stdev=40.80clat percentiles (usec):|  1.00th=[   76],  5.00th=[   80], 10.00th=[  200], 20.00th=[  202],| 30.00th=[  204], 40.00th=[  204], 50.00th=[  204], 60.00th=[  206],| 70.00th=[  206], 80.00th=[  208], 90.00th=[  210], 95.00th=[  215],| 99.00th=[  225], 99.50th=[  231], 99.90th=[  251], 99.95th=[  314],| 99.99th=[ 2089]bw (  KiB/s): min=19160, max=19960, per=99.98%, avg=19708.53, stdev=143.02, samples=106iops        : min= 4790, max= 4990, avg=4927.13, stdev=35.75, samples=106lat (usec)   : 100=7.08%, 250=92.81%, 500=0.08%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%cpu          : usr=0.83%, sys=9.47%, ctx=262154, majf=0, minf=13IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%issued rwts: total=262144,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1Run status group 0 (all jobs):READ: bw=19.3MiB/s (20.2MB/s), 19.3MiB/s-19.3MiB/s (20.2MB/s-20.2MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=53191-53191msecDisk stats (read/write):nvme1n1: ios=262660/758, merge=0/348, ticks=49055/119, in_queue=49230, util=99.91%

使用緩存

> fio --name=seq_read --rw=read --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=0
seq_read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1)
seq_read: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=62615: Mon Mar 17 17:07:40 2025read: IOPS=107k, BW=419MiB/s (439MB/s)(1024MiB/2446msec)clat (nsec): min=908, max=240603, avg=3853.35, stdev=10121.18lat (usec): min=2, max=242, avg= 5.18, stdev=10.13clat percentiles (usec):|  1.00th=[    3],  5.00th=[    3], 10.00th=[    3], 20.00th=[    3],| 30.00th=[    3], 40.00th=[    3], 50.00th=[    3], 60.00th=[    3],| 70.00th=[    3], 80.00th=[    3], 90.00th=[    3], 95.00th=[    3],| 99.00th=[   82], 99.50th=[   84], 99.90th=[   93], 99.95th=[  101],| 99.99th=[  114]bw (  KiB/s): min=423672, max=431584, per=99.96%, avg=428532.00, stdev=3395.69, samples=4iops        : min=105918, max=107896, avg=107133.00, stdev=848.92, samples=4lat (nsec)   : 1000=0.01%lat (usec)   : 2=0.75%, 4=96.96%, 10=0.62%, 20=0.06%, 50=0.03%lat (usec)   : 100=1.51%, 250=0.06%cpu          : usr=11.08%, sys=88.75%, ctx=244, majf=0, minf=11IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%issued rwts: total=262144,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1Run status group 0 (all jobs):READ: bw=419MiB/s (439MB/s), 419MiB/s-419MiB/s (439MB/s-439MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=2446-2446msecDisk stats (read/write):nvme1n1: ios=4054/53, merge=0/3, ticks=1292/3, in_queue=1295, util=96.57%

4.8 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(順序寫入測試)

不使用緩存

> fio --name=rand_write --rw=randwrite --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1
rand_write: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][100.0%][w=130MiB/s][w=33.2k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
rand_write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=64849: Mon Mar 17 17:09:50 2025write: IOPS=32.6k, BW=127MiB/s (133MB/s)(1024MiB/8051msec); 0 zone resetsclat (usec): min=19, max=10131, avg=24.96, stdev=29.84lat (usec): min=21, max=10133, avg=26.31, stdev=29.85clat percentiles (usec):|  1.00th=[   23],  5.00th=[   24], 10.00th=[   24], 20.00th=[   24],| 30.00th=[   24], 40.00th=[   24], 50.00th=[   24], 60.00th=[   25],| 70.00th=[   25], 80.00th=[   26], 90.00th=[   28], 95.00th=[   30],| 99.00th=[   35], 99.50th=[   40], 99.90th=[   45], 99.95th=[   50],| 99.99th=[  129]bw (  KiB/s): min=122536, max=133728, per=100.00%, avg=130236.38, stdev=3490.35, samples=16iops        : min=30634, max=33432, avg=32559.06, stdev=872.56, samples=16lat (usec)   : 20=0.01%, 50=99.95%, 100=0.03%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01%lat (usec)   : 750=0.01%lat (msec)   : 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%cpu          : usr=5.53%, sys=63.63%, ctx=262120, majf=0, minf=9IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%issued rwts: total=0,262144,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1Run status group 0 (all jobs):WRITE: bw=127MiB/s (133MB/s), 127MiB/s-127MiB/s (133MB/s-133MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=8051-8051msecDisk stats (read/write):nvme1n1: ios=105/256805, merge=0/38, ticks=27/3448, in_queue=3488, util=98.90%

使用緩存

> fio --name=rand_write --rw=randwrite --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=0
rand_write: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][-.-%][w=320MiB/s][w=81.8k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
rand_write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=66363: Mon Mar 17 17:11:11 2025write: IOPS=82.2k, BW=321MiB/s (337MB/s)(1024MiB/3190msec); 0 zone resetsclat (nsec): min=4679, max=66559, avg=6633.45, stdev=933.32lat (nsec): min=6076, max=67467, avg=7975.00, stdev=1020.52clat percentiles (nsec):|  1.00th=[ 5792],  5.00th=[ 6048], 10.00th=[ 6176], 20.00th=[ 6240],| 30.00th=[ 6240], 40.00th=[ 6304], 50.00th=[ 6368], 60.00th=[ 6624],| 70.00th=[ 6624], 80.00th=[ 6752], 90.00th=[ 7520], 95.00th=[ 7968],| 99.00th=[ 9024], 99.50th=[10048], 99.90th=[18048], 99.95th=[25216],| 99.99th=[31104]bw (  KiB/s): min=325840, max=329808, per=99.97%, avg=328616.00, stdev=1411.19, samples=6iops        : min=81460, max=82452, avg=82154.00, stdev=352.80, samples=6lat (usec)   : 10=99.52%, 20=0.41%, 50=0.07%, 100=0.01%cpu          : usr=9.25%, sys=90.66%, ctx=326, majf=0, minf=8IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%issued rwts: total=0,262144,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1Run status group 0 (all jobs):WRITE: bw=321MiB/s (337MB/s), 321MiB/s-321MiB/s (337MB/s-337MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=3190-3190msecDisk stats (read/write):nvme1n1: ios=65/567, merge=0/33, ticks=62/111, in_queue=174, util=6.33%

4.9 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(hdparm測試)

> sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/nvme1n1p4/dev/nvme1n1p4:Timing cached reads:   29206 MB in  1.98 seconds = 14784.34 MB/secHDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Inappropriate ioctl for deviceTiming buffered disk reads: 1380 MB in  3.00 seconds = 459.71 MB/sec
> sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/nvme1n1p1/dev/nvme1n1p1:Timing cached reads:   29000 MB in  1.98 seconds = 14679.55 MB/secHDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Inappropriate ioctl for deviceTiming buffered disk reads:  14 MB in  0.01 seconds = 1473.84 MB/sec

4.10 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(常用軟件啟動速度測試)

> time google-chrome
Opening in existing browser session.
google-chrome  0.02s user 0.02s system 58% cpu 0.068 total
> time code
code  0.17s user 0.09s system 47% cpu 0.557 total

4.11 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(sysbench CPU性能測試)

> sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 run
sysbench 1.0.18 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current timePrime numbers limit: 20000Initializing worker threads...Threads started!CPU speed:events per second:  1399.10General statistics:total time:                          10.0007stotal number of events:              13993Latency (ms):min:                                    0.70avg:                                    0.71max:                                    1.3095th percentile:                        0.73sum:                                 9960.00Threads fairness:events (avg/stddev):           13993.0000/0.00execution time (avg/stddev):   9.9600/0.00

4.12 Ubuntu togo性能測試結果分析(glxgears顯卡性能測試)

> glxgears
Running synchronized to the vertical refresh.  The framerate should be
approximately the same as the monitor refresh rate.
298 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.587 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.953 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.936 FPS
299 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.750 FPS
299 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.752 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.944 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.956 FPS