基于Python的畢業設計選題管理系統設計與實現

摘要

本論文詳細闡述了一個基于Python的畢業設計選題管理系統的設計與實現過程。該系統采用了Python的Tkinter庫構建圖形用戶界面，使用SQLite數據庫存儲數據，實現了高校畢業設計選題過程中的教師出題、學生選題、管理員協調等核心功能。系統通過角色權限管理確保數據安全性，采用模塊化設計提高代碼可維護性，最終通過測試驗證了系統的穩定性和實用性。該系統能夠有效提高選題管理效率，減少人工操作錯誤，為高校畢業設計管理提供了便捷的解決方案。

關鍵詞 Python；畢業設計管理；選題系統；Tkinter；SQLite

引言

1. 研究背景與意義

畢業設計是高等教育人才培養過程中的重要環節，選題管理作為畢業設計的首要步驟，其效率和公平性直接影響到整個畢業設計的質量。傳統的選題管理方式主要依靠人工操作，存在流程繁瑣、信息不透明、容易出錯等問題。隨著計算機技術的發展，開發一套高效、便捷的畢業設計選題管理系統具有重要的現實意義。

1. 國內外研究現狀

目前，國內外針對高校教學管理系統的研究已經取得了一定的成果，但專門針對畢業設計選題管理的系統還相對較少。國外一些高校管理系統功能較為全面，但往往價格昂貴且不符合國內高校的實際需求。國內相關系統在功能完整性、用戶體驗和系統擴展性方面仍存在不足。

1. 研究目標與方法

本研究旨在開發一套適合國內高校使用的畢業設計選題管理系統，實現選題過程的自動化和信息化。研究方法采用需求分析、系統設計、編碼實現和測試驗證相結合的方式，確保系統滿足實際需求且具有良好的性能和可維護性。

系統需求分析

2.1 功能需求

用戶管理：支持管理員、教師和學生三種角色的注冊、登錄和權限管理。

選題管理：教師可以發布、修改和刪除選題；學生可以查看選題并提交選題申請；管理員可以審核選題。

選題流程管理：實現選題申請、審核、分配等流程的自動化管理。

數據統計與分析：提供選題情況統計、師生匹配情況分析等功能。系統設置：支持系統參數配置、用戶權限管理等功能。

2.2 非功能需求

性能需求：系統響應時間應控制在合理范圍內，確保用戶操作的流暢性。

安全性需求：保證用戶數據的安全性，防止未授權訪問和數據泄露。

易用性需求：界面設計應簡潔明了，操作方便快捷，降低用戶學習成本。

可擴展性需求：系統應具有良好的擴展性，便于未來功能的升級和擴展。

系統設計

3.1 總體架構設計
系統采用三層架構設計，包括表示層、業務邏輯層和數據訪問層：表示層：負責與用戶進行交互，展示系統界面。

業務邏輯層：負責處理系統的業務邏輯，實現各種功能。

數據訪問層：負責與數據庫進行交互，實現數據的存儲和讀取。

3.2 數據庫設計

系統使用SQLite數據庫，主要包含以下數據表：

用戶表(users)：存儲用戶基本信息，包括用戶名、密碼、角色等。

選題表(topics)：存儲選題信息，包括選題標題、描述、指導教師等。

選題記錄表(topic_records)：記錄學生選題申請的歷史和狀態。教師信息表(teachers)：存儲教師的詳細信息。

學生信息表(students)：存儲學生的詳細信息。

3.3 模塊設計

系統分為以下幾個主要模塊：

用戶管理模塊：負責用戶的注冊、登錄和權限管理。

選題管理模塊：負責選題的發布、查詢和維護。

選題流程模塊：負責選題申請、審核和分配的流程管理。

數據統計模塊：負責數據的統計和分析。

系統設置模塊：負責系統參數的配置和管理。

系統實現

4.1 開發環境

編程語言：Python 3.9

開發工具：PyCharm

數據庫：SQLite

界面庫：Tkinter

版本控制：Git

4.2 核心功能實現以下是系統的核心代碼實現：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
import sqlite3
import hashlib
import os
from datetime import datetimeclass ThesisManagementSystem:def __init__(self, root):self.root = rootself.root.title("畢業設計選題管理系統")self.root.geometry("1024x768")self.current_user = Noneself.current_role = None# 創建數據庫self.create_database()# 創建主界面self.create_main_frame()# 添加示例數據self.add_sample_data()def create_database(self):"""創建數據庫和表結構"""if not os.path.exists("thesis_management.db"):conn = sqlite3.connect("thesis_management.db")c = conn.cursor()# 創建用戶表c.execute('''CREATE TABLE users(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,username TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,password TEXT NOT NULL,role TEXT NOT NULL,name TEXT,student_id TEXT,department TEXT,email TEXT,phone TEXT)''')# 創建選題表c.execute('''CREATE TABLE topics(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,title TEXT NOT NULL,description TEXT,teacher_id INTEGER NOT NULL,teacher_name TEXT NOT NULL,department TEXT,status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '未選',student_id INTEGER,student_name TEXT,create_time TEXT,FOREIGN KEY (teacher_id) REFERENCES users (id))''')# 創建選題記錄表c.execute('''CREATE TABLE topic_records(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,topic_id INTEGER NOT NULL,student_id INTEGER NOT NULL,student_name TEXT NOT NULL,status TEXT NOT NULL,apply_time TEXT,approve_time TEXT,teacher_feedback TEXT,FOREIGN KEY (topic_id) REFERENCES topics (id),FOREIGN KEY (student_id) REFERENCES users (id))''')conn.commit()conn.close()def add_sample_data(self):"""添加示例數據"""conn = sqlite3.connect("thesis_management.db")c = conn.cursor()# 檢查是否已有數據c.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users")count = c.fetchone()[0]if count == 0:# 添加管理員admin_password = hashlib.sha256("admin123".encode()).hexdigest()c.execute("INSERT INTO users (username, password, role, name) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",("admin", admin_password, "管理員", "系統管理員"))# 添加教師teacher_password = hashlib.sha256("teacher123".encode()).hexdigest()c.execute("INSERT INTO users (username, password, role, name, department, email, phone) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",("teacher1", teacher_password, "教師", "張三", "計算機科學與技術", "zhangsan@example.com", "13800138001"))c.execute("INSERT INTO users (username, password, role, name, department, email, phone) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",("teacher2", teacher_password, "教師", "李四", "軟件工程", "lisi@example.com", "13800138002"))# 添加學生student_password = hashlib.sha256("student123".encode()).hexdigest()c.execute("INSERT INTO users (username, password, role, name, student_id, department, email, phone) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",("student1", student_password, "學生", "王五", "20210001", "計算機科學與技術", "wangwu@example.com", "13800138003"))c.execute("INSERT INTO users (username, password, role, name, student_id, department, email, phone) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",("student2", student_password, "學生", "趙六", "20210002", "軟件工程", "zhaoliu@example.com", "13800138004"))# 添加選題now = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")c.execute("SELECT id FROM users WHERE username = 'teacher1'")teacher1_id = c.fetchone()[0]c.execute("SELECT id FROM users WHERE username = 'teacher2'")teacher2_id = c.fetchone()[0]c.execute("INSERT INTO topics (title, description, teacher_id, teacher_name, department, create_time) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",("基于深度學習的圖像識別系統研究", "研究基于深度學習的圖像識別技術，實現高效準確的圖像分類。", teacher1_id, "張三", "計算機科學與技術", now))c.execute("INSERT INTO topics (title, description, teacher_id, teacher_name, department, create_time) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",("大數據分析在電商推薦系統中的應用", "研究大數據分析技術在電商推薦系統中的應用，提高推薦準確率。", teacher2_id, "李四", "軟件工程", now))conn.commit()conn.close()def create_main_frame(self):"""創建主界面"""# 清除現有界面for widget in self.root.winfo_children():widget.destroy()# 創建登錄框架login_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root, padding="30 30 30 30")login_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# 標題ttk.Label(login_frame, text="畢業設計選題管理系統", font=("Arial", 20, "bold")).grid(column=0, row=0, columnspan=2, pady=20)# 用戶名ttk.Label(login_frame, text="用戶名:").grid(column=0, row=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)username_entry = ttk.Entry(login_frame, width=30)username_entry.grid(column=1, row=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 密碼ttk.Label(login_frame, text="密碼:").grid(column=0, row=2, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)password_entry = ttk.Entry(login_frame, width=30, show="*")password_entry.grid(column=1, row=2, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 登錄按鈕login_button = ttk.Button(login_frame, text="登錄", command=lambda: self.login(username_entry.get(), password_entry.get()))login_button.grid(column=1, row=3, sticky=tk.W, pady=20)# 調整布局for child in login_frame.winfo_children():child.grid_configure(padx=5, pady=5)# 設置焦點username_entry.focus()def login(self, username, password):"""用戶登錄驗證"""if not username or not password:messagebox.showerror("錯誤", "用戶名和密碼不能為空")returnconn = sqlite3.connect("thesis_management.db")c = conn.cursor()# 驗證用戶hashed_password = hashlib.sha256(password.encode()).hexdigest()c.execute("SELECT id, role, name FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ?", (username, hashed_password))user = c.fetchone()conn.close()if user:self.current_user = user[0]self.current_role = user[1]self.current_name = user[2]messagebox.showinfo("成功", f"歡迎 {self.current_name} ({self.current_role}) 登錄系統！")self.show_main_menu()else:messagebox.showerror("錯誤", "用戶名或密碼錯誤")def show_main_menu(self):"""顯示主菜單"""# 清除現有界面for widget in self.root.winfo_children():widget.destroy()# 創建主菜單框架menu_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root, padding="10 10 10 10")menu_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# 頂部信息欄info_frame = ttk.Frame(menu_frame)info_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5)ttk.Label(info_frame, text=f"當前用戶: {self.current_name} ({self.current_role})").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)ttk.Button(info_frame, text="退出登錄", command=self.create_main_frame).pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)# 功能按鈕區域buttons_frame = ttk.Frame(menu_frame)buttons_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, pady=20)if self.current_role == "管理員":# 管理員功能ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="用戶管理", command=self.manage_users).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="選題管理", command=self.manage_topics).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="選題統計", command=self.statistics_topics).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)elif self.current_role == "教師":# 教師功能ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="添加選題", command=self.add_topic).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="管理選題", command=lambda: self.manage_my_topics(self.current_user)).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="選題申請審批", command=self.approve_topics).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="查看我的學生", command=self.view_my_students).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)elif self.current_role == "學生":# 學生功能ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="查看選題", command=self.view_topics).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="申請選題", command=self.apply_topic).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="我的選題", command=lambda: self.view_my_topic(self.current_user)).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)ttk.Button(buttons_frame, text="選題歷史", command=lambda: self.view_topic_history(self.current_user)).pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)def manage_users(self):"""用戶管理界面"""# 清除現有界面for widget in self.root.winfo_children():widget.destroy()# 創建用戶管理框架user_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root, padding="10 10 10 10")user_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# 頂部信息欄info_frame = ttk.Frame(user_frame)info_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5)ttk.Label(info_frame, text="用戶管理").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)ttk.Button(info_frame, text="返回", command=self.show_main_menu).pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)ttk.Button(info_frame, text="添加用戶", command=self.add_user).pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)# 搜索框search_frame = ttk.Frame(user_frame)search_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5)ttk.Label(search_frame, text="搜索:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)search_entry = ttk.Entry(search_frame, width=30)search_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)ttk.Label(search_frame, text="角色:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)role_var = tk.StringVar()role_combobox = ttk.Combobox(search_frame, textvariable=role_var, values=["全部", "管理員", "教師", "學生"], width=10)role_combobox.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)role_combobox.current(0)ttk.Button(search_frame, text="搜索", command=lambda: self.search_users(search_entry.get(), role_var.get())).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)# 用戶表格columns = ("id", "username", "role", "name", "student_id", "department", "email", "phone")user_tree = ttk.Treeview(user_frame, columns=columns, show="headings")# 設置列標題user_tree.heading("id", text="ID")user_tree.heading("username", text="用戶名")user_tree.heading("role", text="角色")user_tree.heading("name", text="姓名")user_tree.heading("student_id", text="學號/工號")user_tree.heading("department", text="院系")user_tree.heading("email", text="郵箱")user_tree.heading("phone", text="電話")# 設置列寬user_tree.column("id", width=50)user_tree.column("username", width=100)user_tree.column("role", width=80)user_tree.column("name", width=100)user_tree.column("student_id", width=120)user_tree.column("department", width=150)user_tree.column("email", width=150)user_tree.column("phone", width=120)user_tree.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, pady=10)# 添加滾動條scrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(user_tree, orient="vertical", command=user_tree.yview)user_tree.configure(yscroll=scrollbar.set)scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)# 綁定雙擊事件user_tree.bind("<Double-1>", lambda event: self.edit_user(user_tree))# 加載用戶數據self.load_users(user_tree)def load_users(self, tree):"""加載用戶數據到表格"""# 清空表格for item in tree.get_children():tree.delete(item)conn = sqlite3.connect("thesis_management.db")c = conn.cursor()# 查詢用戶c.execute("SELECT id, username, role, name, student_id, department, email, phone FROM users ORDER BY id")users = c.fetchall()conn.close()# 添加到表格for user in users:tree.insert("", tk.END, values=user)def search_users(self, keyword, role):"""搜索用戶"""# 清空表格user_tree = self.root.winfo_children()[1].winfo_children()[2]for item in user_tree.get_children():user_tree.delete(item)conn = sqlite3.connect("thesis_management.db")c = conn.cursor()# 構建查詢條件query = "SELECT id, username, role, name, student_id, department, email, phone FROM users WHERE 1=1"params = []if keyword:query += " AND (username LIKE ? OR name LIKE ? OR student_id LIKE ?)"params.extend([f"%{keyword}%", f"%{keyword}%", f"%{keyword}%"])if role and role != "全部":query += " AND role = ?"params.append(role)query += " ORDER BY id"# 執行查詢c.execute(query, params)users = c.fetchall()conn.close()# 添加到表格for user in users:user_tree.insert("", tk.END, values=user)def add_user(self):"""添加用戶對話框"""add_window = tk.Toplevel(self.root)add_window.title("添加用戶")add_window.geometry("400x350")add_window.resizable(False, False)# 創建表單form_frame = ttk.Frame(add_window, padding="20 20 20 20")form_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# 用戶名ttk.Label(form_frame, text="用戶名:").grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)username_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30)username_entry.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 密碼ttk.Label(form_frame, text="密碼:").grid(column=0, row=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)password_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30, show="*")password_entry.grid(column=1, row=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 確認密碼ttk.Label(form_frame, text="確認密碼:").grid(column=0, row=2, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)confirm_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30, show="*")confirm_entry.grid(column=1, row=2, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 角色ttk.Label(form_frame, text="角色:").grid(column=0, row=3, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)role_var = tk.StringVar()role_combobox = ttk.Combobox(form_frame, textvariable=role_var, values=["管理員", "教師", "學生"], width=27)role_combobox.grid(column=1, row=3, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)role_combobox.current(0)# 姓名ttk.Label(form_frame, text="姓名:").grid(column=0, row=4, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)name_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30)name_entry.grid(column=1, row=4, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 學號/工號ttk.Label(form_frame, text="學號/工號:").grid(column=0, row=5, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)id_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30)id_entry.grid(column=1, row=5, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 院系ttk.Label(form_frame, text="院系:").grid(column=0, row=6, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)department_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30)department_entry.grid(column=1, row=6, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 郵箱ttk.Label(form_frame, text="郵箱:").grid(column=0, row=7, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)email_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30)email_entry.grid(column=1, row=7, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 電話ttk.Label(form_frame, text="電話:").grid(column=0, row=8, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)phone_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30)phone_entry.grid(column=1, row=8, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 按鈕button_frame = ttk.Frame(add_window)button_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10)ttk.Button(button_frame, text="保存", command=lambda: self.save_user(username_entry.get(), password_entry.get(), confirm_entry.get(), role_var.get(), name_entry.get(), id_entry.get(), department_entry.get(), email_entry.get(), phone_entry.get(), add_window)).pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)ttk.Button(button_frame, text="取消", command=add_window.destroy).pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)def save_user(self, username, password, confirm_password, role, name, student_id, department, email, phone, window):"""保存用戶信息"""if not username or not password:messagebox.showerror("錯誤", "用戶名和密碼不能為空")returnif password != confirm_password:messagebox.showerror("錯誤", "兩次輸入的密碼不一致")returnconn = sqlite3.connect("thesis_management.db")c = conn.cursor()try:# 檢查用戶名是否已存在c.execute("SELECT id FROM users WHERE username = ?", (username,))if c.fetchone():messagebox.showerror("錯誤", "用戶名已存在")conn.close()return# 加密密碼hashed_password = hashlib.sha256(password.encode()).hexdigest()# 插入用戶if role == "學生":c.execute("INSERT INTO users (username, password, role, name, student_id, department, email, phone) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",(username, hashed_password, role, name, student_id, department, email, phone))else:c.execute("INSERT INTO users (username, password, role, name, department, email, phone) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",(username, hashed_password, role, name, department, email, phone))conn.commit()messagebox.showinfo("成功", "用戶添加成功")window.destroy()# 刷新用戶列表user_tree = self.root.winfo_children()[1].winfo_children()[2]self.load_users(user_tree)except Exception as e:messagebox.showerror("錯誤", f"添加用戶失敗: {str(e)}")finally:conn.close()def edit_user(self, tree):"""編輯用戶信息"""selected_item = tree.selection()if not selected_item:messagebox.showinfo("提示", "請選擇要編輯的用戶")returnuser_id = tree.item(selected_item[0])['values'][0]conn = sqlite3.connect("thesis_management.db")c = conn.cursor()# 查詢用戶信息c.execute("SELECT username, role, name, student_id, department, email, phone FROM users WHERE id = ?", (user_id,))user = c.fetchone()conn.close()if not user:messagebox.showerror("錯誤", "用戶不存在")return# 創建編輯窗口edit_window = tk.Toplevel(self.root)edit_window.title("編輯用戶")edit_window.geometry("400x350")edit_window.resizable(False, False)# 創建表單form_frame = ttk.Frame(edit_window, padding="20 20 20 20")form_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)# 用戶名ttk.Label(form_frame, text="用戶名:").grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)username_var = tk.StringVar(value=user[0])username_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, textvariable=username_var, width=30)username_entry.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)username_entry.config(state="readonly")  # 用戶名不可修改# 密碼ttk.Label(form_frame, text="新密碼:").grid(column=0, row=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)password_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30, show="*")password_entry.grid(column=1, row=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 確認密碼ttk.Label(form_frame, text="確認新密碼:").grid(column=0, row=2, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)confirm_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30, show="*")confirm_entry.grid(column=1, row=2, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 角色ttk.Label(form_frame, text="角色:").grid(column=0, row=3, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)role_var = tk.StringVar(value=user[1])role_combobox = ttk.Combobox(form_frame, textvariable=role_var, values=["管理員", "教師", "學生"], width=27)role_combobox.grid(column=1, row=3, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 姓名ttk.Label(form_frame, text="姓名:").grid(column=0, row=4, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)name_var = tk.StringVar(value=user[2])name_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, textvariable=name_var, width=30)name_entry.grid(column=1, row=4, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 學號/工號ttk.Label(form_frame, text="學號/工號:").grid(column=0, row=5, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)id_var = tk.StringVar(value=user[3] if user[3] else "")id_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, textvariable=id_var, width=30)id_entry.grid(column=1, row=5, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 院系ttk.Label(form_frame, text="院系:").grid(column=0, row=6, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)department_var = tk.StringVar(value=user[4] if user[4] else "")department_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, textvariable=department_var, width=30)department_entry.grid(column=1, row=6, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 郵箱ttk.Label(form_frame, text="郵箱:").grid(column=0, row=7, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)email_var = tk.StringVar(value=user[5] if user[5] else "")email_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, textvariable=email_var, width=30)email_entry.grid(column=1, row=7, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 電話ttk.Label(form_frame, text="電話:").grid(column=0, row=8, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)phone_var = tk.StringVar(value=user[6] if user[6] else "")phone_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, textvariable=phone_var, width=30)phone_entry.grid(column=1, row=8, sticky=tk.W, pady=5)# 按鈕button_frame = ttk.Frame(edit_window)button_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10)ttk.Button(button_frame, text="保存", command=lambda: self.update_user(user_id, password_entry.get(), confirm_entry.get(), role_var.get(), name_var.get(), id_var.get(), department_var.get(), email_var.get(), phone_var.get(), edit_window, tree)).pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)ttk.Button(button_frame, text="取消", command=edit_window.destroy).pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)def update_user(self, user_id, password, confirm_password, role, name, student_id, department, email, phone, window, tree):"""更新用戶信息"""if password and password != confirm_password:messagebox.showerror("錯誤", "兩次輸入的密碼不一致")returnconn = sqlite3.connect("thesis_management.db")c = conn.cursor()try:# 更新用戶信息if password:# 加密新密碼hashed_password = hashlib.sha256(password.encode()).hexdigest()if role == "學生":c.execute("UPDATE users SET password = ?, role = ?, name = ?, student_id = ?, department = ?, email = ?, phone = ? WHERE id = ?",(hashed_password, role, name, student_id, department, email, phone, user_id))else:c.execute("UPDATE users SET password = ?, role = ?, name = ?, department = ?, email = ?, phone = ?, student_id = NULL WHERE id = ?",(hashed_password, role, name, department, email, phone, user_id))else:if role == "學生":c.execute("UPDATE users SET role = ?, name = ?, student_id = ?, department = ?, email = ?, phone = ? WHERE id = ?",(role, name, student_id, department, email, phone, user_id))else:c.execute("UPDATE users SET role = ?, name = ?, department = ?, email = ?, phone = ?, student_id = NULL WHERE id = ?",(role, name, department, email, phone, user_id))conn.commit()messagebox.showinfo("成功", "用戶信息更新成功")window.destroy()# 刷新用戶列表self.load_users(tree)except Exception as e:messagebox.showerror("錯誤", f"更新用戶失敗: {str(e)}")finally:conn.close()# 其他功能實現... (代碼太長，此處省略其他方法的實現)if __name__ == "__main__":root = tk.Tk()app = ThesisManagementSystem(root)root.mainloop()

4.3 界面設計

系統采用Tkinter庫實現圖形用戶界面，主要包括以下界面：

登錄界面：用戶登錄系統的入口。

主菜單界面：根據用戶角色顯示不同的功能菜單。

選題管理界面：教師發布和管理選題的界面。

選題瀏覽界面：學生查看和申請選題的界面。

選題審批界面：教師審批學生選題申請的界面。

用戶管理界面：管理員管理用戶信息的界面。

系統測試

5.1 測試環境

操作系統：Windows 10

Python版本：3.9